Factors affecting early antibiotic delivery in open tibial shaft fractures.

Introduction: The incidence of infection in open tibial shaft injuries varies with the severity of the injury with rates ranging from roughly 2% for Gustilo-Anderson type I to nearly 43% for type IIIB fractures. As with all fractures, timely antibiotics administration in the emergency department (ED) is an essential component of fracture management and infection prevention. This study identifies factors associated with the expedient administration of antibiotics for open tibial shaft fractures.

Perioperative transfusion study (PETS): Does a liberal transfusion protocol improve outcome in high-risk cardiovascular patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery? A randomised controlled pilot study.

Background: Small studies have shown that patients with advanced coronary artery disease might benefit from a more liberal blood transfusion strategy. The goal of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of a blood transfusion intervention in a group of vascular surgery patients who have elevated cardiac troponins in rest.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre, randomised controlled pilot study.

A national multi centre pre-hospital ECPR stepped wedge study; design and rationale of the ON-SCENE study.

Background: The likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation with conventional advanced life support is known to have an exponential decline and therefore neurological outcome after 20 min in patients with a cardiac arrest is poor. Initiation of venoarterial ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) during resuscitation might improve outcomes if used in time and in a selected patient category. However, previous studies have failed to significantly reduce the time from cardiac arrest to ECMO flow to less than 60 min.

Prevalence and antibiogram of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from burns and wounds in Duhok City, Iraq.

Introduction: this study aimed to isolate P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, investigate the antimicrobial resistance of collected isolates, and investigate the distribution of exoU and mecA genes in P.

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory cardiac arrest: an overview of current practice and evidence.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a common and potentially avoidable cause of death, while constituting a substantial public health burden. Although survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have improved in recent decades, the prognosis for refractory OHCA remains poor. The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is increasingly being considered to support rescue measures when conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) fails.

Study on the plant and fish production in the aquaponic system as affected by different hydraulic loading rates.

Aquaponics is the combined culture of fish and plants in recirculating aquaculture systems, considered to be an innovative, eco-friendly and sustainable technology. The effect of the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on the performance of fish and plants in the aquapoinc system was the main aim of this study. Four hydraulic loading rates were applied, 1.

The efficacy of oxytocin gel in postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common and disturbing issue in the postmenopausal period. Unlike vasomotor symptoms, it has a progressive trend. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxytocin gel versus placebo gel in postmenopausal women with GSM.

Spaceflight-Induced Gene Expression Profiles in the Mouse Brain Are Attenuated by Treatment with the Antioxidant BuOE.

The demands of deep space pose a health risk to the central nervous system that has long been a concern when sending humans to space. While little is known about how spaceflight affects transcription spatially in the brain, a greater understanding of this process has the potential to aid strategies that mitigate the effects of spaceflight on the brain. Therefore, we performed GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling of mouse brains subjected to either spaceflight or grounded controls.

Characterization of a strain-specific CD-1 reference genome reveals potential inter- and intra-strain functional variability.

Background: CD-1 is an outbred mouse stock that is frequently used in toxicology, pharmacology, and fundamental biomedical research. Although inbred strains are typically better suited for such studies due to minimal genetic variability, outbred stocks confer practical advantages over inbred strains, such as improved breeding performance and low cost. Knowledge of the full genetic variability of CD-1 would make it more useful in toxicology, pharmacology, and fundamental biomedical research.

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE): Bioactions, receptors, vascular function, cardiometabolic disease and beyond.

Vascular function is dynamically regulated and dependent on a bevy of cell types and factors that work in concert across the vasculature. The vasoactive eicosanoid, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a key player in this system influencing the sensitivity of the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, regulating endothelial function, and influencing the renin angiotensin system (RAS), as well as being a driver of vascular remodeling independent of blood pressure elevations. Several of these bioactions are accomplished through the ligand-receptor pairing between 20-HETE and its high-affinity receptor, GPR75.

Fetal hypoxia results in sex- and cell type-specific alterations in neonatal transcription in rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells, microglia, neurons, and oligodendrocytes.

Background: Fetal hypoxia causes vital, systemic, developmental malformations in the fetus, particularly in the brain, and increases the risk of diseases in later life. We previously demonstrated that fetal hypoxia exposure increases the susceptibility of the neonatal brain to hypoxic-ischemic insult. Herein, we investigate the effect of fetal hypoxia on programming of cell-specific transcriptomes in the brain of neonatal rats.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning breast cancer, cervical cancer and screening among healthcare professionals and students in Mogadishu, Somalia: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Somali women face exceptionally high mortality and incidence rates from both breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC). They experience the highest age-standardised BC mortality rate in Africa and an age-standardised BC incidence rate of 41.7 per 100,000 women.

Using of geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the suitable site for collecting agricultural residues.

The main aim of this study is to use the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to determine the optimum site to collect the residues in order to reduce cost and increase the benefits. To achieve these three scenarios were studied to reach the best collection sites for recycling rice straw in Sinbilawin center. The results indicate that the first scenario: The result was forty (40) collection sites in this status the cost of transfer will be very high because the collecting starts from inside village to the 40 sites and transfer to main sites to recycle operation.

Flow patterns in circular fish tanks and its relations with flow rate and nozzle features.

The main aim of this research is to study the effect of flow rate, diameter and number of nozzles on the rotational velocity, impulse force and average velocity of water in circular fish tanks. The results indicated that, the rotational velocity increases with increasing flow rates from 5 to 75 m h by using 10 and 15 mm nozzles diameter with nozzles number of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The same results were also obtained when 20 and 25 mm nozzle diameter with nozzles number of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 were used.

A retrospective cohort analysis of the Yale pediatric genomics discovery program.

The Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program (PGDP) at Yale uses next-generation sequencing (NGS) and translational research to evaluate complex patients with a wide range of phenotypes suspected to have rare genetic diseases. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 356 PGDP probands evaluated between June 2015 and July 2020, querying our database for participant demographics, clinical characteristics, NGS results, and diagnostic and research findings. The three most common phenotypes among the entire studied cohort (n = 356) were immune system abnormalities (n = 105, 29%), syndromic or multisystem disease (n = 103, 29%), and cardiovascular system abnormalities (n = 62, 17%).

Exploring the potential of a newly constructed manganese peroxidase-producing yeast consortium for tolerating lignin degradation inhibitors while simultaneously decolorizing and detoxifying textile azo dye wastewater.

MnP-YC4, a newly constructed manganese peroxidase-producing yeast consortium, has been developed to withstand lignin degradation inhibitors while degrading and detoxifying azo dye. MnP-YC4 tolerance to major biomass-derived inhibitors was promising. MnP induced by lignin was found to be highly related to dye decolorization by MnP-YC4.

Assessing vaccine hesitancy in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks have increased in past years, and there is great public health interest in monitoring attitudes towards vaccination as well as identifying factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Although the WHO declared vaccine hesitancy as one of the top threats to global health in 2019, studies focused on the determinants and extent of vaccine hesitancy in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are lacking. This scoping review explores the various factors surrounding vaccine hesitancy, including but not limited to geographic, cultural and religious factors, and examines the extent and nature of the existing evidence on this topic.

Knowledge of and preparedness for COVID-19 among Somali healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Somalia is considered severely underprepared to contain an outbreak of COVID-19, with critical shortages in healthcare personnel and treatment resources. In limited-resource settings such as Somalia, providing healthcare workers with adequate information on COVID-19 is crucial to improve patient outcomes and mitigate the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study assessed the knowledge of, preparedness for, and perceptions toward COVID-19 prevention and treatment among Somali healthcare workers.

Knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, prevalence of pre-existing conditions and access to essential resources in Somali IDP camps: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study examined knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, prevalence of pre-existing conditions and access to essential resources among residents of internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Somalia, where overcrowded settlements with weakened infrastructure, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities, and limited access to health services make this vulnerable population particularly susceptible to a COVID-19 outbreak.

Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Twelve IDP camps across six areas of the Lower Shabelle region in Somalia.

Relation between intra-abdominal pressure and early intestinal ischemia in rats.

Background: Little is known on early irreversible effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Therefore, timing of abdominal decompression among patients with abdominal compartment syndrome remains challenging. The study objective was to determine the relation between IAP and respiratory parameters, hemodynamic parameters, and early intestinal ischemia.

The latest FADS: Functional analysis of GLDN patient variants and classification of GLDN-associated AMC as a type of viable fetal akinesia deformation sequence.

Recessive variants in the GLDN gene, which encodes the gliomedin protein and is involved in nervous system development, have recently been associated with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC), a heterogenous condition characterized by congenital contractures of more than one joint. Two cohorts of patients with GLDN-associated AMC have previously been described, evolving the understanding of the condition from lethal to survivable with the provision of significant neonatal support. Here, we describe one additional patient currently living with the syndrome, having one novel variant, p.

Microwave functionalization of titanium oxide nanoparticles with chitosan nanolayer for instantaneous microwave sorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from water.

The present study is aimed to evaluate the microwave-enforced sorption approach (MES) for instantaneous extraction and removal of trace concentration of metal ions using microwave-synthesized titanium oxide nanoparticles-bonded-chitosan nanolayer (NTiO-NCh). The proposed and designed nanocomposite was characterized by different techniques. The coveted ions were allowed to heat in presence of NTiO-NCh nanocomposite inside a microwave apparatus for 5-20s to execute the sorption process.

Immobilization of chitosan nanolayers on the surface of nano-titanium oxide as a novel nanocomposite for efficient removal of La(III) from water.

A novel nanocomposite has been designed and synthesized via surface crosslinking of chitosan nanolayers (NChit) with titanium oxide nanoparticles (NTiO) using glutaraldehyde (Glu) as the crosslinking agent. A simple and green surface chemical reaction was accomplished by the aid of microwave heating process to enforce surface encapsulation and functionalization for the production of the aimed NTiO-Glu-NChit nanocomposite. The average particles size of nanocomposite was characterized in the range of 52-58nm using SEM and confirmed by the HR-TEM.

Postmenopausal hypertension, abdominal obesity, apolipoprotein and insulin resistance.

This study aimed to evaluate the association of abdominal obesity, apolipoprotein and insulin resistance (IR) with the risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women. We analyzed a total of 242 women aged between 35 and 70 years. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric indices, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured.

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein as a marker for intra-abdominal pressure-related complications in patients admitted to the intensive care unit; study protocol for a prospective cohort study (I-Fabulous study).

Background: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) have detrimental effects on all organ systems and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Intra-bladder measurement of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is currently the gold standard. However, IAH is not always indicative of intestinal ischemia, which is an early and rapidly developing complication.