Scalp Seeding Post Craniotomy and Radiosurgery for Solitary Brain Metastasis: A Case Report and Systematic Review.

Background: Radiosurgery is being increasingly used post craniotomy for brain metastasis, instead of whole-brain radiation. We report a case of scalp metastasis following craniotomy and radiosurgery, along with a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: Our patient was a 70-year-old male who presented with a scalp metastasis, two years after craniotomy and radiosurgery, for a solitary brain metastasis from esophageal carcinoma.

Hep par-1: a novel immunohistochemical marker for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of Hep par-1 in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma taking histopathology as a gold standard.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Pathology Department, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, from April 2007 to February 2008.

Role of p63 in differentiating morphologically ambiguous lesions of prostate.

Objective: To observe the role of p63 staining in evaluation of morphologically ambiguous lesions of prostate.

Study Design: Descriptive (case series) study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, from March to September 2010.

Utility of p63 immunohistochemical stain in differentiating urothelial carcinomas from adenocarcinomas of prostate.

Background: Prostatic adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder are common cancers in men. High grade forms of these tumors may present ambiguous morphologic features that do not permit a definite diagnosis. This distinction between the two tumors has significant staging and therapeutic implications.

Generalized cutaneous granulocytic sarcoma with joint involvement.

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare extra medullary solid tumour composed of immature myeloid cells. These tumours often display a greenish colour due to the enzymatic action of myeloperoxidase in the tumour cells. Hence, the term 'chloroma' was given to this lesion in 1853.

Comparison of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER-2/neu expression between primary and metastatic breast carcinoma.

Objective: To determine whether receptor status and HER-2/neu status remains same in primary and metastatic breast carcinoma to corresponding lymph nodes of individual patients.

Methods: Estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER-2/neu immunohistochemical stains were performed on primary and metastatic breast carcinoma to axillary lymph nodes in 100 patients. Data was collected on a Performa and age, tumour size, type, grade and expression of ER, PR and HER-2/neu on primary and metastatic tumours were recorded.

National study of reproductive tract infections among high risk groups of Lahore and Karachi.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among the Female Sex Workers (FSWs), Male Sex Workers (MSWs), Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and truck drivers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Place And Duration Of Study: Lahore and Karachi, from March to August, 2004.

HIV risk in Karachi and Lahore, Pakistan: an emerging epidemic in injecting and commercial sex networks.

The objective of this study was to measure HIV prevalence and risk behaviour in injecting drug users (IDUs), male sex workers (MSWs), Hijras (transgenders), female sex workers (FSWs) and male truckers in Karachi and Lahore, Pakistan. The design was a linked-anonymous cross-sectional study of individuals identified at key venues or through peer referral. Approximately 400 respondents in each group (200 for Hijras) responded to a standardized questionnaire and were tested for HIV antibodies at each site.

Skin metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma.

We are presenting an interesting case of skin metastasis from adenocarcinoma prostate. Interestingly bone metastasis were absent as documented on radioisotope bone scan and PSA levels were normal. As it was a hormone refractory disease, he was started on mitoxantrone and prednisolone chemotherapy.

Yield of Terminal Duct Lobule Units in Normal Breast Stereotactic Core Biopsy Specimens: Implications for Biomarker Studies.

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential value of large-needle core biopsies of normal breast tissue for immunohistochemical studies of epithelial risk assessment. A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the yield of nonatrophic terminal duct lobule units (TDLUs) in 11-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsies of normal adjacent breast tissue which were included in routine stereotactic core biopsies of benign lesions. Fifty-one patients had a median of two normal tissue cores (range 1-7); 82% of the patients had two or more normal tissue cores; 47% had three or more normal tissue cores.