Early Postoperative Kidney Transplant Complications Related to Immunomodulator Regimen in Pediatric Recipients.

Objectives: Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) are widely used in kidney transplant to prevent acute transplantrejection; however,the effects of these medications on graft sequelae after transplant remain unclear. We aimed to compare early complications, including graftrejectionandinfectionrates after kidney transplant, in childrenbetween the cyclosporine and tacrolimus immunomodulator regimens.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 105 pediatric patients who were candidates to receive kidney transplant in the age range of 4 to 18 years were included.

Role of Superantigens in Various Childhood Inflammatory Diseases.

Superantigens (Sags) are a part of some viral or bacterial proteins that stimulate T cells and antigen-presenting cells leading to systemic immune repose and inflammation. SAgs might have a possible role in various inflammatory childhood diseases (e.g.

Assessment of Hearing Loss in Two-Year Follow-up Study of Neonates with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Objectives: Congenital Cytomegalovirus cCMV) infection constitutes the main cause of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) worldwide. The rate of Cytomegalovirus CMV)-induced SNHL is not well documented in developing countries, such as Iran. Therefore, this prospective follow-up study aimed to evaluate this rate among neonates with cCMV infection in Iran.

Lessons from Ten Years' the Prevalence of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in the Young Population Living in a Developing Country, Tehran; Iran.

Background: A safe and effective rubella vaccine is available and prescribed in IRAN.

Objective: This is a survey of CRS cases collected based on WHO criteria one decade after the MR vaccination campaign (2003).

Methods: This Multi-stage prospective/cross-sectional study was carried out in three stages in 3 educational hospitals in Tehran (Rasoul Aram, Akbar Abadi, and Firoozabadi), In the first stage of the study between 2011 and 2012 total of 186 infants were evaluated, and in the second stage of the study, total 163 blood samples of infants with suspected INTRA UTERINE INFECTION were compared with a group of healthy matched infants.

Searching the Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin -1 in Septic Children with negative Cultures: A Comparative Study in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Bacteria induced sepsis is common in infants and children. Staphylococcus aureus produces numerous exotoxins, like staphylococcal Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST- 1), which stimulate the immune system by T cell activation and inflammation in various organs. Recent studies suggest that staphylococcal toxins, generally named super antigens (SAgs), may also have a significant role in the pathogenesis of some pediatric disorders especially in the clinical presentation of sepsis and septic shock.

Neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in Tehran, Iran, using Guthrie cards.

Background And Objectives: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) constitutes the most common viral cause of congenital infections in newborns worldwide. There are a significant number of asymptomatic newborns with congenital CMV infection in Iran, which may develop long-term sequelae of infection. Unfortunately, limited data exsists from Iran on the rate of congenital CMV infection among neonates.

Urinary antigene and PCR can both be used to detect in children's hospital-acquired pneumonia.

is the causative agent of more than 95% cases of severe pneumonia. Nosocomial pneumonias in different hospital wards is an important medical and pharmaceutical concern. This study aimed to detect with two methods: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detection of urine antigenic test (UAT) in patients suffering from nosocomial pneumonia admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of children hospitals.

The Resistance Rate of Helicobacter Pylori to Clarithromycin and Main Mutations on Bacterial Genomic Responsible for Bacterial Resistance: A Comparative Study in Children and Adults, Tehran and Iran.

Background: High resistance to common antibiotics has become a huge global dilemma in eradicating Helicobacter Pylori infection in both children and adults. The great concern is about the resistance to different classes of antibiotics especially Clarithromycin because of its widespread use.

Objectives: The present survey aimed to assess the resistance rate to Clarithromycin in Helicobacter Pylori isolated in patients aged less than 15 years as compared to patients older than 15 years of age.

The Neuroimaging Studies in Children with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Complications: A 10 Years Descriptive Sudy in Tehran.

Background: Any mismatch between the production and absorption of CSF results in hydrocephalus. In most cases, the selected choice of treatment is the ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. Although, the surgery could have complications such as infection, shunt malfunction, subdural hematoma, seizure and Shunt immigration; so, the early and proper detection of these complications could result in better prognosis.

Comparison the Serum STREM1 Levels Between Children with Upper and Lower UTI.

Background: Pyelonephritis is the most common and important infection among Iranian pediatric population. Differentiation between upper and lower Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is often difficult based on clinical data. Therefore, definite diagnosis is helpful for choosing appropriate antibiotic and decision for hospital admission.

Detection of the M. pneumonia in Synovial Fluid of Children with Negative Culture Arthritis: A Cross Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Arthritis could be caused by different etiologies ranging from rheumatologic diseases to infectious conditions. Therefore, early diagnosis of etiology and treatment is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the the M.

Presence of blaPER-1 and blaVEB-1 beta-lactamase genes among isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from South West of Iran.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates have acquired resistance to antibiotics such as novel beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to investigate the blaPER-1, blaVEB-1, and blaPSE-1 genes among isolates of P. aeruginosa among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Diagnostic Value of CRP, Procalcitonin, and Ferritin Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Meningitis.

Background And Objective: Bacterial meningitis is a serious disease with high rate of mortality and morbidity in children. Invasion of pathogens causes brain and meningeal inflammation, which leads to the release of biomarkers into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Identification of these biomarkers can help the physicians to differentiate between bacterial and aseptic meningitis.

Serum levels of vitamins A and D, and zinc in children with acute diarrhea: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity during the early life period especially in developing countries. Micronutrients deficiencies have been proposed either as a risk factor or a consequence of diarrhea. Association studies highlight the relation of vitamins and minerals' deficiencies with acute diarrhea.

Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expression in atopic and nonatopic patients with nasal polyposis.

The pathogenesis of nasal polyps has been debated for many years. The lymphocytes that infiltrate nasal polyps have been identified as predominantly memory T cells in an activated state, and these cells produce a mixed cytokine pattern of T1 helper (Th1) and T2 helper (Th2) cells. We conducted a prospective study to compare the expression levels of some Th1 and Th2 cytokines in atopic and nonatopic patients.

Colonization of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant women and their transmission to offspring.

Background And Objectives: Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and accelerated newborn delivery in pregnant women. Moreover genital mycoplasmas have been implicated in different neonatal diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and transmission rate of these two organisms in pregnant women and their neonates.

Acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in hospitalized children: a cross sectional study.

Background: Viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity in childhood and leads to hospitalization in developed countries, such as Iran.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and viral types (rotavirus, adenovirus, human parechoviruses-1, and human bocavirus) of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in hospitalized children.

Patients And Materials: This was a across-sectional prospective study performed at the Pediatric Department of Rasoul Hospital, Tehran, Iran (2009-2011) on 80 hospitalized children with viral AGE.

Assessments of blood lead levels in children with febrile convulsion.

Background: Lead elements have an adverse effect on human health. The most important complications of lead poisoning are disorders of nervous system particularly seizure .This study aimed to evaluate the blood lead levels and its association with convulsion in a group of hospitalized febrile children.

Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal Infection in Children and the Resultant Neuro-psychiatric Disorder; a Cross Sectional Study; Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) can induce PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection). GABHS is the most important and common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis in Iranian children. We studied the role of GABHS (anti-streptococcal antibodies) in suspected cases of PANDAS in a cross sectional studies.

Chlamydophila pneumoniae Infection Assessment in Children With Adenoid Hypertrophy Concomitant With Rhino Sinusitis.

Background: Since adenoids may act as a reservoir for bacteria, they can cause ear infection, recurrent otitis and recurrent adenotonsillitis. Therefore, adenotonsillectomy is an efficient method for reducing the number and severity of subsequent infections.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the Chlamydophila pneumonia infection by serological tests and performing PCR in the adenoid tissue, in children undergoing adenoid surgery and compare the results with normal children.

Searching the Staphylococcal Superantigens: Enterotoxins A, B, C, and TSST1 in Synovial Fluid of Cases With Negative Culture Inflammatory Arthritis.

Background: Accurate and rapid diagnosis of bacterial arthritis is not always possible in unvaccinated (Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type B) children in Iran.

Objectives: Searching the staphylococcal superantigen (entrotoxin A, B, C and TSST1) in synovial fluid of cases with inflammatory arthritis.

Patients And Methods: This cross sectional study was implemented in the pediatric and orthopedic wards, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran (2008-2010) upon synovial fluid (SF) aspirated from 66 children (five months to 16 years; mean age 11 ± 3.

The rise of staphylococcal super antigens in psoriatic patients: a case-control study.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus, the major virulence factor of hospital and community acquired infections, secretes numerous exotoxins (super antigens), which may affect immunological and inflammatory status in psoriatic skin lesion.

Objectives: This study is designed to compare the S. aureus super antigens level in sera of psoriatic patients with normal cases (nevus).

Human Bocavirus in Iranian children with acute gastroenteritis.

Background: Human Bocavirus (HBoV) infection is of worldwide distribution. There is increasing evidencethat HBoV is pathogenic for the human gastroenteric tract. However, less data are available on the role of HBoVin gastroenteritis.

Evaluation of the endothelial cell antibodies in serum and perilymphatic fluid of cochlear implanted children with sensorineural hearing loss.

Introduction: Serum Anti endothelial Cell Antibodies (AECAs) play a prominent role in idiopathic Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) in that they induce vascular damage (immune mediated). The of the current study is To compare AECAs in serum and perilymphatic fluid of idiopathic SNHL children (<15y) undergoing cochlear implant surgery.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study performed in the cochlear implant ward in Rasoul Akram hospital, Tehran, Iran (2008 -2010) on 99 SNHL children undergoing cochlear implant surgery.

Searching the H. pylori; serology & PCR in children with adenoid hypertrophy and rhino sinusitis: a cross sectional study, Tehran, Iran.

Objective: Searching the H. pylori -DNAs in adenoid and IgA, IgG antibodies in serum of children.

Methods: A cross- sectional study had done upon 53 children (Mean age 8 ±1.