Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Resources for Infectious Diseases in Sub-Saharan African Hospitals Caring for Children.

The Children's Hospitals in Africa Mapping Project survey was developed and implemented to assess the readiness of hospitals in sub-Saharan African to respond to emergencies, epidemics, and pandemics affecting children. This sub-study analyzed 56 survey questions that characterized the hospitals and assessed resources for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of community-acquired infections and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Twenty-four sites were recruited and 20 (from 15 countries) completed the survey in 2018 to 2019.

Surgical and Medical Management of Purulent Bacterial Pericarditis With Pericardial Mass in a Young Child.

Purulent bacterial pericarditis is rare and associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity. We report a case of purulent bacterial pericarditis caused by Group A in an immunocompetent young child presenting with a pericardial mass. She was successfully treated with a combined medical and early surgical approach.

Infection prevention for extremely low birth weight infants in the NICU.

Extremely preterm infants are particularly vulnerable to systemic infections secondary to their immature immune defenses, prolonged hospitalizations, delays in enteral feeding, early antibiotic exposure, and need for life-sustaining invasive interventions. There have been several evidence-based practices for infection prevention in this population, such as human milk feedings, utilization of "bundle checklists" and decolonization of pathogenic organisms. Other practices, such as the use of probiotics, human milk-derived fortifiers, and antifungal prophylaxis are more controversial and require further investigation regarding the risks and benefits of such interventions.

Systematic preclinical evaluation of CD33-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia defines optimized construct design.

Background: Successful development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy for children and adults with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly desired given their poor clinical prognosis and frequent inability to achieve cure with conventional chemotherapy. Initial experiences with CD19 CAR T cell immunotherapy for patients with B-cell malignancies highlighted the critical impact of intracellular costimulatory domain selection (CD28 vs 4-1BB (CD137)) on CAR T cell expansion and in vivo persistence that may impact clinical outcomes. However, the impact of costimulatory domains on the efficacy of myeloid antigen-directed CAR T cell immunotherapy remains unknown.

Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Poona in a healthy adolescent female.

We present a case of vertebral osteomyelitis in a previously healthy, adolescent Caucasian female athlete. After months of lower back pain, spinal imaging demonstrated phlegmon and suspected osteomyelitis of the L4 vertebral body. A bone biopsy was obtained, and microbiologic cultures yielded pure growth of subsp.

An evaluation of outdoor school environments to promote physical activity in Delhi, India.

Background: Increasing physical activity in children is an important public health goal in India. Schools may be a target for physical activity promotion, but little is known about outdoor school environments. The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of the surrounding outdoor school environments that may promote children's physical activity in Delhi, India.

Health issues of female foreign domestic workers: a systematic review of the scientific and gray literature.

Background: Although the number of female foreign domestic workers (FDWs) is increasing worldwide, little is known about their health issues.

Objective: To systematically review the literature on health issues of female FDWs to ascertain the problems studied, identify limitations, and suggest future research and policy implications.

Methods: A systematic database (PubMed, EBSCO Host, and Google Scholar) and bibliographic search identified the English-language scientific and gray literature published during 1990-2012 addressing health issues of female FDWs living with the family of the employer, using qualitative and/or quantitative research methods.