Osteochodromyxoma presenting as case of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose: We report the case of a 10-month-old with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) associated with osteochondromyxoma (OMX), a very rare bone tumor.

Observations: A 10-month-old boy presented with a 6-month history of right eye epiphora not responding to digital massage and topical steroid-antibiotics eye drops. The ophthalmic exam showed right medial canthal swelling.

Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity six years after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab.

Although intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is effective in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), reactivations following treatment are known to occur. We present the case of an asymptomatic child who developed a very late reactivation of ROP 6 years after its successful treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab. This case reemphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up after anti-VEGF therapy for ROP until retinal vascularization is complete.

The Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disease Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists.

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disease (MSD) is the second leading cause of disability globally. Ophthalmologists widely report MSDs in the neck (70%) and back pain (40-80%). Our study intended to identify the prevalence of MSDs among pediatric ophthalmologists.

Is YouTube a Useful Tool for Trainees in Pediatric Cataract Surgery?

Purpose: To determine the utility of surgical videos published on YouTube (Google) as resources for trainee education in pediatric ophthalmology, the authors assessed the surgical proficiency, patient care, and video quality displayed in the published YouTube content.

Methods: The 10 most highly viewed pediatric and congenital cataract procedural videos published within the past 10 years were independently reviewed by three separate board-certified, fellowship-trained, practicing pediatric ophthalmologists. Videos were assessed for surgical competency on a 5-point Likert scale in six key areas as outlined in the American Academy of Ophthalmology's congenital cataract surgery guidelines.

Visual Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Peters Anomaly.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the visual outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with Peters anomaly (PA) in a tertiary eye care center.

Methods: This was a retrospective study undertaken at a single academic center. Clinical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with PA from 2000 to 2017 were reviewed.

Feasibility of rapid magnetic resonance imaging (rMRI) for the emergency evaluation of suspected pediatric orbital cellulitis.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of noncontrast rapid magnetic resonance imaging (rMRI), compared with traditional contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in assessing pediatric emergency department patients with suspected orbital cellulitis or orbital abscess.

Methods: All subjects <19 years of age who presented emergently with suspected orbital cellulitis from July 1, 2017, to July 31, 2019, were included. Participants received both the standard contrast orbital CT, if deemed necessary, with the addition of the noncontrast rMRI after informed consent was obtained.

Macular crystalline inclusions in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome are dynamic structures that undergo remodeling.

Background: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare genetic neurocutaneous disease caused by mutations in that results in deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase and accumulation of fatty aldehydes and alcohols. The disease is associated with ichthyosis, spasticity, and intellectual disability. Patients exhibit a characteristic retinopathy with macular crystalline inclusions that first appear in early childhood and increase with age.

Orbital pseudotumor as the presenting symptom of Crohn's disease in a male child.

Purpose: This report will describe a case of orbital pseudotumor that is associated with underlying Crohn's disease in a pediatric patient.

Observations: An 8-year-old male with a past medical history of chronic constipation who presented to the ophthalmologist in July 2017 with a 7-month history double vision, left upper lid ptosis, left abducens nerve palsy, and an abnormal thyroid test. The patient's family history was negative for any autoimmune disease including, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus or inflammatory bowel disease.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: a complex metabolic disease with a distinctive ocular phenotype.

: Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome (SLS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a distinctive crystalline maculopathy, congenital ichthyosis, spasticity and intellectual disability. We review the genetic, biochemical and clinical aspects of SLS with a particular focus on the ophthalmologic features of the disease.: Published reports of SLS are combined with clinical experience to provide an overview of this disease.

Clinical features of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is often linked to obesity, however, causes of IIH in children are not well understood. This project identifies potential risk factors and features of pediatric IIH. This study consisted of a retrospective chart review of patients ages 5-17 years who were seen at a tertiary care children's hospital and diagnosed with IIH.

Clinical comparison of ocular and systemic findings in diagnosed cases of abusive and non-abusive head trauma.

Purpose: Child abuse is a leading cause of death in infants, which is often associated with abusive head trauma (AHT). The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to identify ocular and systemic findings in confirmed cases of AHT and compare them to a group of non-abusive head trauma (NAHT) patients.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review of 165 patients with accidental and non-accidental trauma admitted between 2013 and 2015 to Children's Hospital and Medical Center in Omaha, NE, USA, was performed.

Retinopathy of prematurity: preferred practice patterns among pediatric ophthalmologists.

Purpose: The treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is not standardized and can vary significantly between providers. This study aims to determine preferred practices in treating ROP by globally surveying pediatric ophthalmologists.

Methods: Between January and February 2017, an international pediatric ophthalmology interest group was invited to complete an anonymous survey of 18 questions.

Comparison Study of Funduscopic Examination Using a Smartphone-Based Digital Ophthalmoscope and the Direct Ophthalmoscope.

Purpose: To assess the ease of use of the D-EYE digital ophthalmoscope (D-EYE Srl, Padova, Italy) in retinal screening against the conventional direct ophthalmoscope. The digital ophthalmoscope used comprised a smartphone equipped with a D-EYE lens that produces digital retinal images.

Methods: Twenty-five medical students were given 30 minutes of instruction regarding how to use a direct ophthalmoscope and D-EYE digital ophthalmoscope by a pediatric ophthalmologist.