Development and content validation of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score.

Objectives: To develop and content validate a percutaneous nephrolithotomy assessment score, taking into consideration the procedure-specific risks.

Methods: This prospective international study utilized the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis to systematically outline percutaneous nephrolithotomy and failure modes for each step. A total of 25 h was spent observing percutaneous nephrolithotomy carried out by six expert surgeons.

Development of a Disease-Specific Ureteral Calculus Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Instrument.

Introduction: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are powerful instruments to assess the impact of a disease on health from the patient's perspective. We describe the process of designing, testing, and validating the Cambridge Ureteral Stone PROM (CUSP).

Materials And Methods: Patients recently diagnosed with ureteral stones were approached for participation in focus groups, structured interviews, and test-retest validation studies.

Investigating upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas: a single-centre 10-year experience.

Objectives: Evidence of the accuracy of predictive tests in confirming the presence and grade of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UUTUC) is limited. We present the largest series evaluating the diagnostic value of pre- and intra-operative parameters in the detection of UUTUC.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed records of patients who underwent diagnostic ureteroscopy between 2005 and 2014 for suspected UUTUC.

Vancomycin resistant enterococci in urine cultures: Antibiotic susceptibility trends over a decade at a tertiary hospital in the United Kingdom.

Purpose: Enterococci are a common cause of urinary tract infection and vancomycin-resistant strains are more difficult to treat. The purpose of this surveillance program was to assess the prevalence of and determine the risk factors for vancomycin resistance in adults among urinary isolates of Enterococcus sp. and to detail the antibiotic susceptibility profile, which can be used to guide empirical treatment.

Candida growth in urine cultures: a contemporary analysis of species and antifungal susceptibility profiles.

Background: Recent publications suggest the distribution of Candida species causing candiduria may vary geographically, which has implications for the continued efficacy of antifungal therapy and emerging resistance.

Aim: To investigate the incidence of Candiduria at a university hospital in the UK. Further, to assess the distribution of species and the accompanying antifungal susceptibility profile, in order to monitor the clinical utility of current antifungal treatment guidelines for candiduria so that patients receive the best possible outcomes from the most up to date care.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital urinary tract infections: incidence and antibiotic susceptibility profile over 9 years.

Purpose: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are an increasing concern regarding antibiotic resistance and their potential to cause serious infections which are difficult to treat. The purpose of this surveillance programme was to assess the incidence of ESBL in adults amongst urinary isolates, identify risk factors, and detail the antibiotic susceptibility profile in order to guide empirical treatment.

Methods: From 2006 to 2014, we reviewed 21,414 positive urine cultures for E.

Urinary TGF-1 has a supplementary value in predicting renal function recovery post unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate whether urine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can help identifying kidneys that would recover their function after drainage of unilateral ureteric obstructive.

Methods: Forty-five patients with unilateral ureteral obstruction were included. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the obstructed kidney was <10 ml/min, and all patients were treated with percutaneous nephrostomy.

Photodynamic effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-loaded nanoparticles on bladder cancer cells: a preliminary investigation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the photodynamic effect of nanoparticles loaded with a photosensitizing nanomedicine, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), on T24 bladder cancer cells in vitro.

Material And Methods: The nanoprecipitation technique was successfully used to prepare the drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. The drug loading rate and the drug loading efficiency were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

The impact of obesity on urine composition and nephrolithiasis management.

Background And Purpose: Several studies have reported that obese patients have a higher risk of nephrolithiasis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of overweight (OW) and obesity on stone composition, type of treatment, and urine composition.

Methods: With Institutional Review Board approval, charts of adult patients who attended our dedicated stone clinic over a 5-year period starting January 2006 were reviewed.

Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in preschool age children with kidney calculi (including stones induced by melamine-contaminated milk powder).

Purpose: This study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) using ureteroscope and pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy in preschool age children with kidney calculi.

Methods: We studied 27 renal units in 20 patients of preschool age (≤ 6 years) who underwent mini-PCNL at our institute. The mean age was 42.

Urodynamic studies in the evaluation of the older man with lower urinary tract symptoms: when, which ones, and what to do with the results.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life in older men. Most urinary dysfunctions in the elderly are multifactorial in origin and associated with a broad spectrum of mental and physical conditions. In this population, it is essential to have a comprehensive assessment of the lower urinary tract, functional impairments and concurrent medical diseases.

Can maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) be used to predict outcome of surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence?

Aims: The outcome of surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) can be unpredictable. Urethral pressure measurements, including measurement of maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) can form part of the investigation of women prior to SUI surgery and some studies have suggested that women with higher MUCP may have a better surgical outcome. This study aims to determine whether outcome of SUI surgery is related to pre-operative MUCP.

Acute abdomen caused by bladder rupture attributable to neurogenic bladder dysfunction following a stroke: a case report.

Introduction: Spontaneous bladder rupture is a rare and serious event with high mortality. It is not often considered in the patient presenting with peritonitis. This often leads to delays in diagnosis.

The 50-year history of the ice water test in urology.

Purpose: The ice water test was first described in a 1957 study of cold receptors in the bladder. We examined the role of the ice water test in the diagnosis and management of different urological conditions.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE and PubMed literature searches were performed, spanning 1956 to January 2009.

Does the patient's position influence the detection of detrusor overactivity?

Aims: The demonstration of preoperative detrusor overactivity (DO) with associated overactive bladder symptoms (OAB) is known to have an adverse effect on surgery performed for stress incontinence or for prostatic obstruction. The purpose of this review is to examine the best position, when filling the bladder during urodynamics, to demonstrate detrusor overactivity and reproduce the OAB symptoms, when the demonstration of DO might be important.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE and PUBMED literature searches were performed, spanning the period from 1956 to August 2005 using the keywords "detrusor overactivity" or "detrusor instability" combined with "posture or position or standing or sitting" and "urodynamics.

Natural history of detrusor contractility--minimum ten-year urodynamic follow-up in men with bladder outlet obstruction and those with detrusor.

Objective: To check the long-term effect, in male patients, of treated and untreated bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) on detrusor contractility and to explore the relationship between ageing and detrusor underactivity (DUA).

Material And Methods: Men investigated at the urodynamic department of Southmead Hospital in Bristol between 1972 and 1986 were traced and three groups were invited for repeat pressure-flow urodynamic studies (PFS). The first two groups included patients over 40 years old, with untreated or surgically treated BOO, and the third group had patients with DUA from all age groups.