DeepHP: A New Gastric Mucosa Histopathology Dataset for Infection Diagnosis.

Emerging deep learning-based applications in precision medicine include computational histopathological analysis. However, there is a lack of the required training image datasets to generate classification and detection models. This phenomenon occurs mainly due to human factors that make it difficult to obtain well-annotated data.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer circRNAome Reveals Hsa_circ_0072309 as a Potential Risk Biomarker.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of long non-coding RNAs that have the ability to sponge RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has very aggressive behavior and poor prognosis for the patient. Here, we aimed to characterize the global expression profile of circRNAs in TNBC, in order to identify potential risk biomarkers.

Association of Androgenic Regulation and MicroRNAs in Acinar Adenocarcinoma of Prostate.

Background: Prostate cancer represents 3.8% of cancer deaths worldwide. For most prostate cancer cells to grow, androgens need to bind to a cellular protein called the androgen receptor (AR).

Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes After Ocular Conjunctival Infection in BALB/c Mice.

Ocular infection with causes toxoplasmosis in mice. However, following ocular infection with tachyzoites, the cause of the accompanying progressive changes in hippocampal-dependent tasks, and their relationship with the morphology and number of microglia, is less well understood. Here, in 6-month-old, female BALB/c mice, 5 μl of a suspension containing 48.

CircRNAs as Potential Blood Biomarkers and Key Elements in Regulatory Networks in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. It is a disease that encompasses a variety of molecular alterations, including in non-coding RNAs such as circular RNAs (circRNAs). In the present study, we investigated hsa_circ_0000211, hsa_circ_0000284, hsa_circ_0000524, hsa_circ_0001136 and hsa_circ_0004771 expression profiles using RT-qPCR in 71 gastric tissue samples from GC patients (tumor and tumor-adjacent samples) and volunteers without cancer.

Acquired acoria and iris pearls in leprosy: Case report.

Purpose: To describe a case of a patient presenting with acquired acoria and iris pearls, a rare eye manifestation and pathognomonic finding for leprosy; to reinforce clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic aspects of ocular involvement in leprosy.

Methods: Case report.

Case Description: A 62-year-old male presenting with acquired acoria and iris pearls in both eyes due to leprosy also had anterior uveitis and cataract.

Differential regulation of in gastric cancer by DNA methylation.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading types of fatal cancer worldwide. Epigenetic manipulation of cancer cells is a useful tool to better understand gene expression regulatory mechanisms and contributes to the discovery of novel biomarkers. Our research group recently reported a list of 83 genes that are potentially modulated by DNA methylation in GC cell lines.

Sex and FOXP3 gene rs2232365 polymorphism may be associated with the clinical and pathological aspects of chronic viral diseases.

Background: The forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) transcription factor is one of the main markers of immunological suppression in different pathological profiles, and the presence of polymorphic variants may alter the gene expression of this factor. Despite descriptions of an association between the presence of the rs2232365 polymorphism and chronic diseases, the role of the sex variant in this context has not yet been elucidated, as the FOXP3 gene is located on the human sex chromosome X.

Results: To contribute to this topic, 323 women and 373 men were enrolled in the study, of which 101 were diagnosed with chronic viral liver diseases (39 women and 62 men), 67 with HTLV-1 infection (44 women and 23 men), 230 with coronary artery disease (91 women and 139 men) and 298 healthy and uninfected blood donors (149 women and men).

Lymph nodes may be a source for immunetherapy in gastric cancer.

Background: adoptive immunotherapy is a promising cancer therapy. Immune cells are capable of recognizing and destroying cancer cells and represent a powerful strategy, however, this approach remains technically complicated, due to the need to select and isolate immune cells from these, present cancer antigens to those cells, expanding and reinjecting them. Lymph nodes recovered during gastric cancer surgery may represent an option for immunotherapy, since they harbor an enormous amount of immune cells, which have already been presented to cancer antigens.

Hepatic metastasis in Frantz's tumor: A case report.

Introduction: Frantz's Tumor or Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (SPN) is rare with a solid-cystic pattern, and most common in young women.

Presentation Of Case: This study based on guidelines for case reports (SCARE) reports a case of SPN in a teenager aged 13 years at the diagnosis time, attended at a teaching public hospital in Brazil, which evolved into liver metastases. Clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and imaging data were collected from the physical chart and analyzed in light of current publications on the topic.

The impact of DNA demethylation on the upregulation of the NRN1 and TNFAIP3 genes associated with advanced gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Very few therapeutic options are currently available in this neoplasia. The use of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZAdC) was approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes, and this drug can treat solid tumours at low doses.

NGF (-198C > T, Ala35Val) and p75 (Ser205Leu) gene mutations are associated with liver function in different histopathological profiles of the patients with chronic viral hepatitis in the Brazilian Amazon.

Backgrounds: Neural growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that can interact with the p75 receptor and initiate a cascade of reactions that determines cell survival or death, and both are associated with the physiology of liver tissue. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NGF and p75 genes have been investigated in different pathologies; however, there are no studies that have analyzed their biological roles in the hepatic microenvironment. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of SNPs in these genes on the maintenance of liver function at different stages of inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic viral liver disease in the Brazilian Amazon.

Hepatic TLR4, MBL and CRP gene expression levels are associated with chronic hepatitis C.

Contact with HCV triggers the activation of innate mechanisms responsible for initial infection control. Host cells expressed extra- or intracellularly molecules that promote recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are molecules available for HCV PAMP recognition.

miRNome Reveals New Insights Into the Molecular Biology of Field Cancerization in Gastric Cancer.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis and have been associated with gastric field cancerization; however, their role is not fully understood in this process. We performed the miRNome sequencing of non-cancerous, adjacent to tumor and gastric cancer samples to understand the involvement of these small RNAs in gastric field cancerization.

Methods: We analyzed samples of patients without cancer as control (non-cancerous gastric samples) and adjacent to cancer and gastric cancer paired samples, and considered miRNAs with |log()| > 2 and < 0.

The Small Bowel Cancer Incidence Enigma.

Although the small bowel is a vast organ with a highly proliferative epithelium, the incidence of small bowel cancers is surprisingly low. Many factors could be involved in this unexpected cancer incidence, including difficult access to the exploration of the small bowel mucosa, which might lead to missed diagnoses of non-obstructive and non-bleeding small tumours. Moreover, possible factors that influence the low incidence include more efficient machinery of DNA replication and DNA repair enzymes, peculiarities in microbiota components, competence of the immune system, and the speed of intestinal transit.

Analysis of 8q24.21 miRNA cluster expression and copy number variation in gastric cancer.

 To analyze gene expression and copy number of five miRNAs (, , , and ) localized in this chromosome region in gastric cancer (GC).  65 paired neoplastic and non-neoplastic specimens collected from GC patients and 20 non-neoplastic gastric tissues from cancer-free individuals were included in this study. The expression levels of the five miRNAs were accessed by real time qPCR and were correlated.

Epigenetic Field Cancerization in Gastric Cancer: microRNAs as Promising Biomarkers.

The biological role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in field cancerization is unknown. To investigate the involvement of miRNAs in gastric field cancerization, we evaluated the expression profile of ten miRNAs and their diagnostic value. We used three groups of FFPE gastric samples: non-cancer (NC), cancer adjacent (ADJ) and gastric cancer (GC).

Traps and trumps from adjacent-to-tumor samples in gastric cancer research.

The search for cancer biomarkers is frequently based on comparisons between tumors and adjacent-to-tumor samples. However, even after histological confirmation of been free of cancer cells, these adjacent-to-tumor samples might harbor molecular alterations which are not sufficient to cause them to look like cancer, but can differentiate these cells from normal cells. When comparing them, potential biomarkers are missed, and mainly the opportunity of finding initial aberrations presents in both tumors and adjacent samples, but not in true normal samples from non-cancer patients, resulting in misinterpretations about the carcinogenic process.

The -> and -> in the Gene Are Associated With Viral Load and Liver Enzyme Levels in Patients With Chronic Viral Liver Diseases.

The transcription factor FOXP3 is an essential marker of the development and activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are cells specialized in the regulation and normal tolerance of the immune response. In the context of chronic viral liver diseases, Tregs participate in the maintenance of infections by promoting histopathological control and favor the immune escape of viral agents by suppressing the antiviral response. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence the function of FOXP3 in a number of pathological conditions.

A common molecular signature of intestinal-type gastric carcinoma indicates processes related to gastric carcinogenesis.

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. According to the Lauren classification, this adenocarcinoma is divided into two subtypes, intestinal and diffuse, which differ in their clinical, epidemiological and molecular features. Several studies have attempted to delineate the molecular signature of gastric cancer to develop new and non-invasive screening tests that improve diagnosis and lead to new treatment strategies.