Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Zebrafish.

Muscle regeneration models have revealed mechanisms of inflammation, wound clearance, and stem cell-directed repair of damage, thereby informing therapy. Whereas studies of muscle repair are most advanced in rodents, the zebrafish is emerging as an additional model organism with genetic and optical advantages. Various muscle wounding protocols (both chemical and physical) have been published.

Notch Signaling Regulates Muscle Stem Cell Homeostasis and Regeneration in a Teleost Fish.

Muscle regeneration is mediated by the activity of resident muscle satellite cells (muSCs) that express Pax7. In mouse Notch signaling regulates muSCs during quiescence and promotes muSC proliferation in regeneration. It is unclear if these roles of Notch in regulating muSC biology are conserved across vertebrates or are a mammalian specific feature.

Human C1q Induces Apoptosis in an Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Tumor Necrosis Factor Pathway.

Complement protein C1q is the first recognition subcomponent of the complement classical pathway that plays a vital role in the clearance of immune complexes, pathogens, and apoptotic cells. C1q also has a homeostatic role involving immune and non-immune cells; these functions not necessarily involve complement activation. Recently, C1q has been shown to be expressed locally in the microenvironment of a range of human malignant tumors, where it can promote cancer cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, without involving complement activation.