An immunoinformatics and extensive molecular dynamics study to develop a polyvalent multi-epitope vaccine against cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcosis is a lethal mycosis instigated by the pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, primarily affects the lungs, manifesting as pneumonia, and the brain, where it presents as meningitis. Mortality rate could reach 100% if infections remain untreated in cryptococcal meningitis. Treatment options for cryptococcosis are limited and and there are no licensed vaccines clinically available to treat or prevent cryptococcosis.

ChatGPT-4 Turbo and Meta's LLaMA 3.1: A Relative Analysis of Answering Radiology Text-Based Questions.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of two AI models - OpenAI's GPT-4 Turbo (San Francisco, CA) and Meta's LLaMA 3.1 (Menlo Park, CA) - when answering a standardized set of pediatric radiology questions. The primary objective was to evaluate the overall accuracy of each model, while the secondary objective was to assess their performance within subsections.

Evaluation of ChatGPT 4.0 in Thoracic Imaging and Diagnostics.

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have profoundly transformed the medical industry, enhancing large cohort data analysis, improving diagnostic capabilities, and streamlining clinical workflows. Among the leading tools in this domain is ChatGPT 4.0 (OpenAI, San Francisco, California, US), a commercial NLP model widely used across various applications.

Protective Effects of Donkey Milk on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat.

Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common health concern that occurs due to an imbalance between gastric protective mucosal and aggressive factors. Ethanol-induced GU in animal models resembles the pathophysiology of human ulcers. Natural products with fewer side effects are highly requested to attenuate their GU effects.

Radiographic association of chronological age based on the root pulp and periodontal ligament visibility in lower second molar teeth in a subset of the Pakistani population.

Objectives: To find radiographic association of the root pulp visibility and periodontal ligament visibility stages of lower second molar teeth with chronological age.

Methods: The prospective, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted after approval from the ethics review committee of Ziauddin University, Karachi, and comprised digital orthopantomograms from 2020 to 2022. The orthopantomograms related to lower second molar teeth from the left side of the mandible of individuals of either gender aged 18-40 years.

Anatomical Variation of the Olfactory Fossa According to Keros and Yenigun Classifications in Karachi, Pakistan.

Aim: The goal of our research is to assess the olfactory fossa anatomical variation through Keros and Yenigun classification by computed tomography (CT) scan of paranasal sinuses (PNS), as in order for surgeons to prevent major complications, they must be familiar with its variations in anatomy during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) related to anterior ethmoidal artery injury, as its course varies with depth and length of the olfactory fossa.

Methods: At Karachi's Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), retrospective research was carried out. From anterior to posterior, sequential coronal and axial pictures were examined, and the existence and location of further anatomical characteristics were documented.

Comparative Accuracy of ChatGPT 4.0 and Google Gemini in Answering Pediatric Radiology Text-Based Questions.

Aims And Objectives: This study evaluates the accuracy of two AI language models, ChatGPT 4.0 and Google Gemini (as of August 2024), in answering a set of 79 text-based pediatric radiology questions from "Pediatric Imaging: A Core Review." Accurate interpretation of text and images is critical in radiology, making AI tools valuable in medical education.

Proton Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers.

Head and neck (HnN) cancers are among the most common cancers in the world. Proton therapy (PT) is one of the latest advancements in the treatment modalities of cancers. Proton therapy is specifically used to treat HnN cancer patients due to its less toxic effects on the surrounding critical structures.

Corrigendum: Designing a polyvalent vaccine targeting multiple strains of varicella zoster virus using integrated bioinformatics approaches.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.

The Mechanisms of Persisting Disability in Schizophrenia: Imprecise Predictive Coding via Corticostriatothalamic-Cortical Loop Dysfunction.

Persisting symptoms and disability remain a problem for an appreciable proportion of people with schizophrenia despite treatment with antipsychotic medication. Improving outcomes requires an understanding of the nature and mechanisms of the pathological processes underlying persistence. Classical features of schizophrenia, which include disorganization and impoverishment of mental activity, are well-recognized early clinical features that predict poor long-term outcome.

Effect of tragacanth gum-chitin nanofiber film containing free or nano-encapsulated cumin essential oil on the quality of chilled turkey burgers packed with oxygen absorber.

This research was undertaken to assess the effect of tragacanth gum-chitin nanofiber (TG-CNF) film containing free (CEO) or encapsulated cumin essential oil (CNE) combined with oxygen absorber (OA) packaging on the shelf-life of ready-to-cook (RTC) turkey breast burgers during chilled storage. The experimental groups were OA and TG-CNF as single treatments, TG-CNF + CEO, TG-CNF + CNE, and TG-CNF + OA as binary treatments, TG-CNF + CEO + OA and TG-CNF + CNE + OA as ternary treatments, and control. The samples were stored at 3°C for 20 days and analyzed for microbial, physicochemical, and sensory attributes.

Treatment of greywater and presence of microplastics in on-site systems.

Eight on-site greywater treatment facilities of four different types (A, B, C and D) were investigated. Three were commercially available package plants (A-C) and one was a conventional sand filter (D). The treatment unit of Type A consisted of a geotextile-fitted trickling filter and a sand filter bottom layer, the Type B consisted of packs of fibrous mineral wool filter materials, and the Type C consisted of a fine-meshed plastic filter.

Virulence genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of Shiga toxin-producing isolated from different food samples and patients with acute diarrhea.

Background And Objectives: O157: H7 is one of the most important causes of hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The present study aimed to isolate O157: H7 from foods and patients with hemorrhagic colitis, and identify Shiga toxin genes, phylogenetic comparison, and antibiotic resistance of the isolates.

Materials And Methods: In total 400 samples, including patients stool and food were taken in Isfahan-Iran province.

Growth arrest-specific protein 6 as a marker of nephritis in systemic sclerosis and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Renal impairments commonly occur as a complication of autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Therefore, early nephritis prediction is vital for patient outcomes. Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 6 (GAS6) was found to be upregulated in many types of inflammatory renal disease, including diabetic nephropathy.

The Use of Generative Adversarial Network and Graph Convolution Network for Neuroimaging-Based Diagnostic Classification.

Functional connectivity (FC) obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been integrated with machine learning algorithms to deliver consistent and reliable brain disease classification outcomes. However, in classical learning procedures, custom-built specialized feature selection techniques are typically used to filter out uninformative features from FC patterns to generalize efficiently on the datasets. The ability of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and other deep learning models to extract informative features from data with grid structure (such as images) has led to the surge in popularity of these techniques.

Experimental study of organic enrichment on meiofaunal diversity.

The organic enrichment effects on the meiofauna and nematofauna were assessed for field sediment and other experimental ones enriched with organic matters conducted in the laboratory for 4 weeks. Also, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were monitored for each one. The abundance and diversity of meiofaunal groups and nematofauna varied.

Geochemical characteristics, hazards impact assessment and radiogenic heat production of the alkaline rocks.

This study primarily investigates the natural radioactivity level in alkaline rocks collected from the Wadi El-Dib ring complex (WDRC) in North Eastern Desert of Egypt, and assesses potential health risks associated with their use as decorative building materials. The work was accomplished using a high-purity germanium detector as well as ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. The WDRC composed essentially of trachyte, quartz syenite, granite and syenite.