The Importance of Being Grade 3: A Plea for a Three-tier Hybrid Classification System for Grade in Primary Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Grade is an important determinant of progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004/2016 grading system is recommended, other systems such as WHO1973 and WHO1999 are still widely used. Recently, a hybrid (three-tier) system was proposed, separating WHO2004/2016 high grade (HG) into HG/grade 2 (G2) and HG/G3 while maintaining low grade.

Maxillofacial Symptoms and Diagnosis Criteria Concerning Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Literature Review.

Introduction: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by sterile inflammation of bony tissue. Although it has distinct clinical and radiologic features, it is often misdiagnosed, leading to inappropriate and delayed treatment. Indeed, at the origin the disease can have an exclusive maxillofacial location and so be, at least clinically, difficult to prove.

Achieving Benchmarks for National Quality Indicators Reduces Recurrence and Progression in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: Noncompliance with evidence-based interventions and guidelines contributes to significant and variable recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The implementation of a quality performance indicator (QPI) programme in Scotland's National Health Service (NHS) aimed to improve cancer outcomes and reduce nationwide variance.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hospitals achieving benchmarks for two specific QPIs on time to recurrence and progression in NMIBC.

Concomitant Cholecystectomy for Asymptomatic Gallstones in Bariatric Surgery-Safety Profile and Feasibility in a Large Tertiary Referral Bariatric Center.

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for gallstone formation, which can be exacerbated by bariatric surgery-induced rapid weight loss. Current guidelines do not recommend concomitant cholecystectomy (CC) for asymptomatic gallstones during the bariatric surgery procedure. However, long-term follow-up studies have shown that the incidence of post-bariatric surgery symptomatic gallstones necessitating therapeutic cholecystectomy increases to 40%.

Contralateral traumatic carotid cavernous fistula after a craniomaxillofacial fracture.

Introduction: Carotid-cavernous fistula is an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery, the external carotid artery or any of their branches and the cavernous sinus. This condition may occur spontaneously or after craniofacial trauma; in this case the fistula takes place on the same side as the craniofacial fracture and becomes symptomatic within a few weeks. The diagnosis is clinical; it must be evoked before any post-traumatic proptosis.

Enhanced Quality and Effectiveness of Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Multicentre Real-world Experience from Scotland's Quality Performance Indicators Programme.

Background: Clinical outcomes from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are partly determined by the quality of initial interventions. To improve and standardise treatment for cancer, Scotland implemented a national Quality Performance Indicator (QPI) programme for bladder cancer (BC).

Objective: To evaluate compliance with specific quality indicators (QIs) related to transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and to understand clinical outcomes from NMIBC following the introduction of the QPI programme.

Testicular Pain Pathway in Children: Investigating Where Missed Torsion Occurs Most Often.

Objectives: Acute scrotal pain in children is a common presenting complaint in hospital, and it is imperative that cases of testicular torsion are identified and managed promptly. We aim to identify the most influential points in the pathway in determining whether patients are managed in the appropriate time frame, so these areas can be targeted to improve salvage rates.

Methods: Using quality improvement principles, the pediatric scrotal pain pathway was mapped out, commencing with initial symptom onset and ending with definitive surgical management.

The SmartTarget Biopsy Trial: A Prospective, Within-person Randomised, Blinded Trial Comparing the Accuracy of Visual-registration and Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound Image-fusion Targeted Biopsies for Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-targeted prostate biopsies can improve detection of clinically significant prostate cancer and decrease the overdetection of insignificant cancers. It is unknown whether visual-registration targeting is sufficient or augmentation with image-fusion software is needed.

Objective: To assess concordance between the two methods.

Technological aspects of delivering cryotherapy for prostate cancer.

Since the era of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing, there has been a stage and grade migration seen with prostate cancer along with a reduction in mortality. Subsequently, concerns have been raised about the over treatment of patients following the diagnosis of localized prostate cancers. Cryotherapy, in which extremely low temperatures induce cell death via multiple mechanisms, has seen a drastic improvement in its technology since the 1800s.

Developing a robotic prostatectomy service and a robotic fellowship programme - defining the learning curve.

Introduction: Robotic radical prostatectomy (RRP) is an established treatment for prostate cancer in selected centres with appropriate expertise. We studied our single-centre experience of developing a RRP service and subsequent training of 2 additional surgeons by the initial surgeon and the introduction of United Kingdom's first nationally accredited robotic fellowship training programme. We assessed the learning curve of the 3 surgeons with regard to peri-operative outcomes and oncological results.

Molecular properties prediction, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some newer oxadiazole derivatives.

In present investigation a series of 28 oxadiazole analogues (AB1-AB28) were subjected to molecular properties prediction, drug-likeness by Molinspiration (Molinspiration, 2008) & MolSoft (MolSoft, 2007) softwares, lipophilicity and solubility parameters using ALOGPS 2.1 program. Out of 28 analogues only 16 were chosen on the basis of Lipinski "Rule of Five" (Ro5) for the synthesis and antimicrobial screening as oral bioavailable drugs/leads.