Binge Eating Disorder and Metabolic Syndrome: Shared Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by episodes of uncontrollable eating, defined by the rapid consumption of large quantities of food over a short period. This condition is associated with a variety of psychological and non-psychological factors, including behavioral, biological, genetic, neurological, and pharmacological influences, all of which adversely affect patients' daily lives. BED is linked to numerous health consequences, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, chronic pain, and hypertension.

Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Treatment Approaches for Diabetic Kidney Disease: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 30-40% are at risk of developing DKD. This review focuses on the mechanistic processes, available and emerging biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring, and preventing DKD, as well as treatment options targeted at DKD patients.

Comparative safety of transvenous and leadless pacemakers in patients with cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis study.

Background: Transvenous pacemakers (TVP) and leadless pacemakers (LP) are two reliable permanent modalities for the treatment of heart rhythm disorders. Several observational studies explored the safety and efficacy of the two devices. The aim of this meta-analysis study is to present a comparative analysis of the safety of leadless versus transvenous pacemakers.

Lesser-Known Cyanotoxins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Health and Environmental Impacts.

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a diverse phylum of photosynthetic, Gram-negative bacteria and one of the largest microbial taxa. These organisms produce cyanotoxins, which are secondary metabolites that can have significant impacts on both human health and the environment. While toxins like Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsins are well-documented and have been extensively studied, other cyanotoxins, including those produced by and , remain underexplored.

Involvement of a battery of investigated genes in lipid droplet pathophysiology and associated comorbidities.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly specialized energy storage organelles involved in the maintenance of lipid homoeostasis by regulating lipid flux within white adipose tissue (WAT). The physiological function of adipocytes and LDs can be compromised by mutations in several genes, leading to NEFA-induced lipotoxicity, which ultimately manifests as metabolic complications, predominantly in the form of dyslipidemia, ectopic fat accumulation, and insulin resistance. In this review, we delineate the effects of mutations and deficiencies in genes - , , , , , , , , , and - involved in lipid droplet metabolism and their associated pathophysiological impairments, highlighting their roles in the development of lipodystrophies and metabolic dysfunction.

Exploring the complexities of 1C metabolism: implications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

The intricate interplay of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) with various cellular processes has garnered substantial attention due to its fundamental implications in several biological processes. OCM serves as a pivotal hub for methyl group donation in vital biochemical reactions, influencing DNA methylation, protein synthesis, and redox balance. In the context of aging, OCM dysregulation can contribute to epigenetic modifications and aberrant redox states, accentuating cellular senescence and age-associated pathologies.

Exploring the World of Membrane Proteins: Techniques and Methods for Understanding Structure, Function, and Dynamics.

In eukaryotic cells, membrane proteins play a crucial role. They fall into three categories: intrinsic proteins, extrinsic proteins, and proteins that are essential to the human genome (30% of which is devoted to encoding them). Hydrophobic interactions inside the membrane serve to stabilize integral proteins, which span the lipid bilayer.

Prevalence and Co-prevalence of Comorbidities among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the MENA Region: A Systematic Review.

Aim: The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is affected by the presence of comorbidities. This meta-analysis aimed to determine how likely it is for individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to be living with additional chronic health conditions.

Methods: We searched for studies published from January 2010 to December 2020 in the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Urinary 20-HETE: A prospective Non-Invasive prognostic and diagnostic marker for diabetic kidney disease.

Introduction: The identification and validation of a non-invasive prognostic marker for early detection of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can lead to substantial improvement in therapeutic decision-making.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to assess the potential role of the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (20-HETE) in predicting the incidence and progression of DKD.

Methods: Healthy patients and patients with diabetes were recruited from the Hamad General Hospital in Qatar, and urinary 20-HETE levels were measured.

Recommendations for Early and Comprehensive Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Related Cardio-Renal Complications.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health problem accompanied by an elevated risk of complications, the most common being cardiac and renal diseases. In Lebanon, the prevalence of T2D is estimated at 8-13%. Local medical practice generally suffers from clinical inertia, with gaps in the yearly assessment of clinical manifestations and suboptimal screening for major complications.

Wearable flexible body matched electromagnetic sensors for personalized non-invasive glucose monitoring.

This work introduces novel body-matched, vasculature-inspired, quasi-antenna-arrays that act as electromagnetic sensors to instantaneously, continuously, and wirelessly sense glucose variations in the bloodstream. The proposed sensors are personalized, leverage electromagnetic waves, and are coupled with a custom machine-learning-based signal-processing module. These sensors are flexible, and embedded in wearable garments such as socks, which provide conformity to curved skin surfaces and movement resilience.

Activation of 20-HETE Synthase Triggers Oxidative Injury and Peripheral Nerve Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), highly prevalent among patients with diabetes, is characterized by peripheral nerve dysfunction. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) overproduction has been suggested to orchestrate diabetic complications including DPN. Untargeted antioxidant therapy has exhibited limited efficacy, highlighting a critical need to explore ROS sources altered in a cell-specific manner in DPN.

Reno-Protective Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type1 Diabetes: Dual Action on TRPC6 and NADPH Oxidases.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a serious diabetic complication, results in podocyte loss and proteinuria through NADPH oxidases (NOX)-mediated ROS production. DUOX1 and 2 are NOX enzymes that require calcium for their activation which enters renal cells through the pivotal TRPC channels. Hypoglycemic drugs such as liraglutide can interfere with this deleterious mechanism imparting reno-protection.

Diabetic Nephropathy and COVID-19: The Potential Role of Immune Actors.

Nowadays, type II diabetes mellitus, more specifically ensuing diabetic nephropathy, and severe COVID-19 disease are known to be closely associated. The exact mechanisms behind this association are less known. An implication for the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 remains controversial.

Experts' opinion on the detection and management of prediabetes in Lebanon.

Given that the complications of type 2 diabetes can start at an early stage, early detection and appropriate management of prediabetes are essential. We aimed to develop an expert opinion on prediabetes in Lebanon to pave the way for national guidelines tailored for the Lebanese population in the near future. A panel of seven diabetes experts conducted a thorough literature review and discussed their opinions and experiences before coming up with a set of preliminary recommendations for the detection and management of prediabetes in Lebanon.

Characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with type 2 diabetes in Lebanon: the DISCOVER study.

Background: Lebanon is part of the global DISCOVER study, a global, noninterventional, multicentre, prospective study with 3-years of follow-up.

Aims: The aim of this study is to describe real-world clinical practice in terms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease management and treatment patterns within Lebanon.

Methods: Baseline demographic and clinical parameters were captured on a standardized case report form, according to routine clinical practice at each clinical site.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Role of T Cells in the Underlying Mechanism.

Immunotherapy is now a recognized treatment option for several types of cancer. However, some cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are subject to immune-related adverse events, including induced diabetes mellitus. The exact role and molecular/genetic action of ICIs in diabetes are still not well understood.

Genomic and Proteomic Study of the Inflammatory Pathway in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiometabolic Syndrome.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) have been linked to inflammation and fibrosis. However, it is still unknown which inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of AF. Furthermore, cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance/glucose intolerance are also associated with inflammation and increased level of cytokines and adipokines.

Thyroid Dysfunctions Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review.

Aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are anti-cancer drugs associated with adverse events that result from releasing the immune system against self-antigens while attacking cancer cells. Thyroid dysfunctions are among the most common associated adverse events.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature in 2 databases: PubMed and Medline.

NETosis contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.

NETosis, a novel form of neutrophil-related cell death, acts as a major regulator of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. In this review, we show that the extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps, termed NETs, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetes-induced complications. In T1DM, β-cell death induces the sequestration of neutrophils in the pancreas and seems to be correlated with increased NETosis.

COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other.

In light of the most challenging public health crisis of modern history, COVID-19 mortality continues to rise at an alarming rate. Patients with co-morbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to be more prone to severe symptoms and appear to have a higher mortality rate. In this review, we elucidate suggested mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with a more severe COVID-19 disease.

Safety of lixisenatide plus basal insulin treatment regimen in Indian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fast: A post hoc analysis of the LixiRam randomized trial.

Aims: Hypoglycemia is one of the most important complications associated with Ramadan fasting in people with type 2 diabetes. LixiRam (NCT02941367) was the first randomized trial comparing safety and efficacy of lixisenatide + basal insulin (BI) vs. sulphonylurea + BI in people with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan.

SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Agonists, and DPP-4 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Microvascular Complications: A Review.

The prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications is increasing throughout the decades. Promising diabetes medications were introduced to the market including GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors aiming to target these complications. The literature lacks sufficient data regarding these new medications and their influence on nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy.

Role of the Nox4/AMPK/mTOR signaling axe in adipose inflammation-induced kidney injury.

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. While research has primarily focused on hyperglycemia as a key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, recently, increasing evidence have underlined the role of adipose inflammation in modulating the development and/or progression of diabetic kidney disease. This review focuses on how adipose inflammation contribute to diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetes without Manifest Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Approach in Risk Stratification and Treatment Selection.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main macro vascular complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), increases the risk of death significantly in patients with T2D.

Introduction: Most of the patients with T2D do not have obvious CVD symptoms. Due to the paucity of data, CVD screening in asymptomatic patients with T2D remains highly controversial.