Equivocating and Deliberating on the Probability of COVID-19 Infection Serving as a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer and Common Molecular Pathways Serving as a Link.

The COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 posed unprecedented global health challenges of massive proportions. The persistent effects of COVID-19 have become a subject of significant concern amongst the medical and scientific community. This article aims to explore the probability of a link between the COVID-19 infection and the risk of lung cancer development.

The expression of high mobility group protein 3 () in breast cancer with emphasis on its role in lymphovascular invasion.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a common phenomenon in breast cancer (BC), and it is correlated to poor outcome. However, the biomarkers that influence the development of LVI remain to be defined. Through rigorous bioinformatics analyses, () was revealed as a driver gene that is associated with the presence of LVI.

Mechanistic and Clinical Evidence Supports a Key Role for Cell Division Cycle Associated 5 (CDCA5) as an Independent Predictor of Outcome in Invasive Breast Cancer.

Background: Cell Division Cycle Associated 5 () plays a role in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway involving cell division, cancer cell migration and apoptosis. This study aims to assess the prognostic and biological value of in breast cancer (BC).

Methods: The biological and prognostic value of were evaluated at mRNA ( = 5109) and protein levels ( = 614) utilizing multiple well-characterized early stage BC cohorts.

Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 90AA1 (HSP90α) in invasive breast cancer.

Aims: The mechanisms that drive breast cancer (BC) progression and poor outcome are not fully understood. The human heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90α) encoded by the gene has a vital role in cellular responses to stress and is implicated in the development and progression of many cancers. The current study aims to explore the clinical and prognostic importance of HSP90α in BC.

The ITIM-Containing Receptor: Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) Modulates Immune Response and Confers Poor Prognosis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma.

Background: The leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) plays a role in immune response homeostasis, extracellular matrix remodelling and it is overexpressed in many high-grade cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the biological and prognostic role of LAIR-1 in invasive breast cancer (BC).

Methods: The biological and prognostic effect of LAIR-1 was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels using well-characterised multiple BC cohorts.

The prognostic significance of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in invasive breast cancer.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a prognostic factor in early-stage invasive breast cancer (BC). Through bioinformatics, data analyses of multiple BC cohorts revealed the positive association between interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) LVI status. Thus, we explored the prognostic significance of ISG15 in BC.

Clinicopathological significance of lipocalin 2 nuclear expression in invasive breast cancer.

Purpose: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is involved in the regulation of EMT. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of LCN2 expression in breast cancer.

A key genomic subtype associated with lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast cancer.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is associated with the development of metastasis in invasive breast cancer (BC). However, the complex molecular mechanisms of LVI, which overlap with other oncogenic pathways, remain unclear. This study, using available large transcriptomic datasets, aims to identify genes associated with LVI in early-stage BC patients.

Utility of ankyrin 3 as a prognostic marker in androgen-receptor-positive breast cancer.

Purpose: Androgen receptor (AR) and AR signaling pathways are thought to play a role in breast cancer (BC) and are potentially related to treatment responses and outcomes. Ankyrin 3 (ANK3) is associated with AR stability in cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the clinicopathological utility of ANK3 expression with emphasis on AR and its associated signalling pathway at transcriptomic and proteomic phases.

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Ras association and pleckstrin homology domains 1 (RAPH1) in breast cancer.

Background: Ras association and pleckstrin homology domains 1 (RAPH1) is involved in cytoskeleton regulation and re-epithelialisation in invasive carcinoma and, therefore, may play a key role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. We, herein, investigated the biological and clinical significance of RAPH1 in breast cancer using large annotated cohorts.

Methods: The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of RAPH1 was assessed at the genomic and transcriptomic levels using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset (n = 1039) and the results were validated using the Molecular taxonomy of breast cancer international consortium (METABRIC) cohort (n = 1980).