The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmology Residency and Fellowship Training: A Retrospective Study.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected many aspects of the healthcare system. Many meta-analysis studies showed that surgical training and medical education have faced the most negative effects. Aim In this study, we aim to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on residency and fellowship training in terms of clinical load, surgical exposure, medical education, and research opportunities.

Intermediate-Term Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation for Uveitic Glaucoma: A Tertiary Centre Experience.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in uveitic glaucoma (UG) in a tertiary eye center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A retrospective review of all UG patients who underwent AGV implantation at a single, tertiary care eye center from January 2008 to December 2018. The main outcome measures were change in mean intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications, overall success rate in different follow-up periods, complete and qualified success from last follow up, and complications.

Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC): efficacy endpoints for the treatment of refractory paediatric glaucoma - a retrospective case-series.

Background: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC) in paediatric patients.

Methods: This retrospective case-series recruited 44 eyes for glaucoma patients who were younger than 17 years and were treated with MP-CPC and followed for at least one year. Pre- and post-intervention intraocular pressure (IOP) was compared out to at least one year postoperatively.

Evaluation of Surgical Requirements and Competencies of the Saudi Ophthalmology Training Program in a Tertiary Eye Specialist Hospital- A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the adequacy of a Saudi ophthalmology training programs in achieving the competencies outlined by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and to assess resident satisfaction with their training.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent electronically to all trainees (n=50) enrolled in the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) ophthalmology training program by email and messaging app (Whatsapp). The survey was sent between January 20, 2021, and January 30, 2021.

Comparison of Glaucoma Therapy Escalation After Penetrating Keratoplasty to Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy: A Cohort Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare glaucoma therapy escalation (GTE), graft survival, vision, and glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty (PK group) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK group) to treat pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK).

Methods: This cohort included cases of PBK managed with PK from 2009 to 2014. We compared the incidences and determinants of GTE, graft survival, and visual disability.

Outcomes of Medical and Surgical Management in Aqueous Misdirection Syndrome.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of medical and surgical management in patients diagnosed with aqueous misdirection syndrome (AMS).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review of all cases diagnosed with AMS at a single tertiary care eye center during the period from 2014 to 2021. Outcome measures were anatomical success (deepening of the anterior chamber (AC)), functional success (improvement in visual acuity), and treatment success (control of intraocular pressure (IOP)).

Comparison of the Ahmed and Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implants in the Treatment of Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) (New World Medical, Inc) with the Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) (Johnson & Johnson Vision) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods: This was a retrospective review of children with PCG who underwent AGV or BGI implantation with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, success rate, complications, and surgical revisions.

Perception of Medical Professionalism Among Ophthalmology Residents in Saudi Arabia: A National Survey Study.

Purpose: Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the concepts of medical professionalism among residents. Very few studies have specifically evaluated the perception of medical professionalism in a specific specialty. The aim of the study is to evaluate the perception of medical professionalism among ophthalmology residents and to assess the differences in the concept of professionalism between junior and senior residents.

Risk Factors for Glaucoma Drainage Device Exposure in Children: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: To identify the risk factors for glaucoma drainage device (GDD) exposure in children.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: The study population comprised children (one eye each) who presented with a history of GDD exposure to a tertiary care eye hospital over the period January 2014 to January 2020.

Barriers and adherence to glaucoma medication in a paediatric glaucoma population: A cross-sectional survey in central Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To examine barriers and adherence to topical glaucoma medication in a pediatric glaucoma population in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during 2016-2017. Parents (father or mother) of children aged 6 months to 15 years with a history of glaucoma were interviewed.

Surgical outcomes of phakic, pseudophakic and combined phaco-trabeculectomy in a tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of phakic, pseudophakic and combined phaco-trabeculectomy in eyes of Saudi patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Eyes of patients with primary open angle glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma or secondary exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) that underwent phakic (n = 152), pseudophakic (n = 40) or combined phaco-trabeculectomy (n = 45) at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh from January 2012 to December 2017 were included.

Intermediate-term Visual Outcomes and Complications of Type 1 Boston Keratoprosthesis With and Without Glaucoma Surgery.

Purpose: Glaucoma is a cause of comorbidity in patients receiving the Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro). The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of the Boston KPro with or without glaucoma surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective single-center cohort study.

The Ahmed versus Baerveldt Study at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital: Three-Year Treatment Outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of two frequently used surgical valves in treating refractory glaucoma.

Methods: This was a retrospective and nonrandomized study comparing patients aged 18 years or older who underwent implantation using standardized surgical techniques.

Results: A total of 86 patients were included in the study, 48 in the Ahmed group and 38 in the Baerveldt group.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma in Patients With Acanthamoeba Keratitis.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of ocular hypertension (OHT) and glaucoma in patients with acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and to outline the risk factors for the development of glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with AK at our institute during the period from 2000 to 2018. The main outcome measures were the incidence of OHT and glaucoma, and risk factors for the development of glaucoma.

Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees.

Methods: An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed among residents in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs between July 7 and 14, 2020. In this study, we explored residents' opinions regarding training disruption and virtual education.

Primary congenital glaucoma: An updated review.

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare disease affecting children early in life. PCG was considered untreatable with inevitable blindness. However, recent advances in biochemical and genetic studies, the introduction of new diagnostic tools, intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering medications and improvement of surgical techniques have led to a better understanding of this devastating disease and preserving the vision of affected children.

Glaucoma With Crouzon Syndrome.

Background: Crouzon syndrome is the most common form of craniosynostosis, and mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and 3 (FGFR2 and FGFR3) genes are implicated in its pathogenesis.

Observation: A 10-year-old female patient with Crouzon syndrome and congenital glaucoma treated with trabeculectomy and ocular hypotensive medications was examined. The patient had proptosis, exposure keratopathy, megalocornea, thin central corneal thickness, a shallow anterior chamber, mild anterior subcapsular cataract, and a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.

Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Revision in Pediatric Glaucoma.

Purpose: Encapsulation of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) plate is a common cause for postoperative elevation of intraocular pressure, especially in children. Many reports have described the outcomes of AGV revision in adults. However, the outcomes of AGV revision in children are poorly documented.

Late onset endophthalmitis associated with unexposed glaucoma valved drainage device.

We report an extremely rare presentation of late-onset endophthalmitis in a young adult patient with an unexposed Ahmed tube implant. The implant was inserted 11 years prior to presentation. There was no history of trauma or any obvious exposure on clinical examination and the tube plate was filled with purulent material.

A novel CYP1B1 mutation with congenital glaucoma and total aniridia.

Purpose: Primary congenital glaucoma is a common disorder in the Middle East mainly caused by mutations in the the CYP1Bl gene. We report a family with three siblings that presented with recalcitrant childhood glaucoma, aniridia in two siblings with a novel CYP1B1 gene mutation.

Materials And Methods: Review of pedigree, clinical history and clinical course of the family.

Transcorneal tube erosion of an ahmed valve implant in an adult.

Ahmed valve implants are currently used to manage high-risk complicated adults and pediatric glaucoma when standard filtration surgery is unsuccessful. Despite its success, the Ahmed valve shunt has significant complications particularly in the anterior segment. We report an unusual case of transcorneal tube erosion of an Ahmed valve implant in an adult that resulted from long-standing tube-corneal touch.

Microbiology and visual outcome of bleb-associated endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To identify the microbiological spectrum and visual outcome of bleb-associated endophthalmitis.

Methods: The medical records of patients treated for bleb-associated endophthalmitis were reviewed.

Results: Seventy-five patients were identified.

Neovascular glaucoma at king khaled eye specialist hospital - etiologic considerations.

Background: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe form of secondary glaucoma caused by the growth of new vessels over the trabecular meshwork. The principal causes are associated with retinal ischemia. Ablative treatment of the retina can prevent, halt, and even reverse the growth of new vessels on the iris and angle.

Escalation of glaucoma therapy after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for escalation of glaucoma therapy after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and its impact on graft survival and visual outcome.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Seven hundred fifteen consecutive eyes of 678 patients undergoing PK.