Are registered dietitians adequately prepared to be hospital foodservice directors?

Objective: To determine perceived importance of selected competencies for the role of hospital foodservice director and explore whether registered dietitians (RDs) are perceived competent in these areas.

Design: Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire.

Subjects: A random sample of 500 hospital foodservice directors and 500 hospital executives to whom the directors report.

Lectin and proteoglycan histochemistry of Merkel cell carcinomas.

Changes in carbohydrate residue expression and in proteoglycan distribution occur during different stages of tumor development and progression. However, few data concerning carbohydrate residue analysis as performed by lectin histochemistry and proteoglycan distribution of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare malignant tumor of the skin, have been reported. Hence, lectin- and proteoglycan immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin wax material of 9 cases of Merkel cell carcinomas characterized by cytokeratin and neurofilament immunohistochemistry.

Lectin and proteoglycan histochemistry of feline pacinian corpuscles.

We studied carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins and proteoglycans (PGs) in peritoneal Pacinian corpuscles of five adult cats. Terminal monosaccharides of glycoproteins and related polysaccharides were identified by lectin histochemistry and the PGs and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by specific antibodies. The most intensive lectin staining reactions indicated an abundance of glycoconjugates with terminal mannose (Man) or sialic acid residues, but no complex-type oligosaccharides were detected within the corpuscles.

Lectin binding pattern and proteoglycan distribution in human eccrine sweat glands.

The distribution pattern of glycoconjugates in human eccrine sweat glands has been studied by the binding of newly discovered lectins and by antibodies against a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and chondroitin sulphate glycosaminoglycans. Mannose-specific lectins labelled large intracellular granules, part of which could be extended cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. In contrast, lectins specific for terminal mannose/glucose residues predominantly labelled basement membranes and the glycocalyx.

Proteoglycan distribution pattern during aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: an ultrastructural histochemical study.

Glycosaminoglycans are important constituents of the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, where distinct changes in their distribution pattern occur during aging. However, little is known about their changes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which ages extremely rapidly compared to mammals. The presence of glycosaminoglycans was analysed in cross-sections of all organs of the nematode, in three different age groups (60, 144, 228 h), using the electron-dense dye Cuprolinic Blue in conjunction with the critical electrolyte concentration method and specific glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes.

Age-related histochemical staining patterns of glycosaminoglycans in cell nuclei of different regions of the rat brain: a pilot study.

The brains of 6 rats aged 12 months (adult) and 6 rats aged 24 months (aged) were embedded in paraffin following steady state perfusion with fixation solution. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were demonstrated by histochemical methods using the Alcian blue CEC method in combination with the Feulgen reaction and testis hyaluronidase. Cell nuclei revealed different patterns of GAGs in different layers of the brain cortex and in different cell types.

Changes of the glycosaminoglycan metabolism in human lung fibroblasts and porcine aortic endothelium cells influenced by the number of subcultures in vitro and by lipids in the medium.

In vitro aging fibroblasts and porcine aortic endothelium cells were treated with a commercial soy-bean lipid emulsion and incubated in 35S-sulfate or 3H-glucosamine respectively. The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were characterized by enzyme digestion following proteolysis. Uronic acid concentrations were determined in fibroblast cultures.

[Histotopochemical quantification of glycosaminoglycans in melanomas and the surrounding epidermis].

15 cases of human malignant melanoma were studied and classified into 5 superficial speading (SSM), 5 nodular melanomas (NM), and 5 melanoma metastasis (Met). The tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and cetylpyridium chloride (CPC). Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) or proteoglycans respectively were characterized by Alcian blue staining following the method of critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) (Scott, Dorling 1965) and by testes hyaluronidase.

[Age-related changes in glycosaminoglycans in the cell nuclei of the rat liver--biochemical and histochemical pilot studies].

Cell nuclei of the livers of 12 male Wistar rats aged 24 months, and 16 male Wistar rats aged 4 months were isolated. 0.4 microCi [3H]-glucosamine/kg body weight were administered intraperitoneally.

Embryotoxic effects of thalidomide derivatives in the non-human primate Callithrix jacchus. II. Elucidation of the susceptible period and of the variability of embryonic stages.

Data are presented on the normal intra- and inter-litter variability of the embryonic stages in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) on day 56 of pregnancy. The embryology of the marmoset is described with respect to the susceptible period for the teratogenic action of thalidomide.

Embryotoxic effects of thalidomide-derivatives in the non-human primate Callithrix jacchus. I. Effects of 3-(1,3-dihydro-1-oxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopiperidine (EM12) on skeletal development.

The response of pregnant marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to the thalidomide derivative EM 12 was evaluated. EM 12 was selected for these studies because it is more active than thalidomide and is much more stable for hydrolysis. Skeletal gross structural abnormalities were observed when EM 12 was given to marmosets for 3-7 days during the period between days 49 and 60 post ovulation.

Sulfate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans of human lung fibroblasts as influenced by the number of subcultures and glycosaminoglycan polysulfate.

The influence of a glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (GAGPS) on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism was investigated in relation to in vitro ageing of cultured human lung fibroblasts (Flow 2002). The incorporation of 35S-sulfate was determined following proteolytic digestion and specific degradation methods for the individual GAGs. In untreated cultures the pericellular matrix and medium showed a decrease of chondroitin sulfate (CS) 35S-radioactivity of the higher passage numbers, while the pericellular heparan sulfate (HS) showed increasing values.

[Age-related changes in cellular activity in organ and tissue cultures of the human cornea].

Human autopsy eyes and material of eyes enucleated by various causes were used to prepare explants of the whole chamber angle and isolated stroma corneae for organ and tissue cultures. The age-related changes in chamber angle explants are obscured by interactions of the different cell types. In 75 human stroma explants aged from 5 weeks to 93 years the latent period for cell activation (i.

[Age dependence of the early reaction in glycosaminoglycan metabolism of the rat liver on damage following a single dose of thioacetamide].

Wistar rats aged 7 or 22 months resp. were treated with 50 mg/kg of thioacetamide (TAA) i.p.

Age-related changes in the composition of proteins in the trabecular meshwork of the human eye.

The composition of the trabecular meshwork proteins of human eyes ranging in age from 36 days to 84 years was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. Proteins of different molecular weights could be extracted from the tissue with acetic acid. Although their electrophoretic patterns became less distinct with increasing age, proteins of molecular weights ranging from 50 000 to 69 000 always prevailed.

Changes in cell cultures of bovine corneal endothelium cells as related to donor age and number of passages in vitro.

Aging changes of the acidic glycosaminoglycans (aGAG) were investigated in bovine corneal endothelium cells grown in vitro, using histochemical methods and the determination of hexosamine and uronic acid. The time interval between trypsination and confluency of the monolayer and the cell counts at different time intervals of the same passage number served as parameters for the proliferation capacity of the cultures. A cell line, derived from the eye of a 1,5 year old cattle showed a low proliferation capacity in the first 9 passages, which increased until the 15th passage, to decrease thereafter until the 29th passage.

Connective tissue aging in the human hypophysis-gonadal system.

The basic issue in our project was to quantify the age-process in the human hypophysis-gonadal system. Of the many aspects of aging, we estimated, using human autopsy material, the content of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), of hydroxyproline, of hexosamines and of uronic acids in the hypophysis, testis, and ovary. The respective organs were weighed and homogenised in acid-buffer solution after which, for each of the parameters, 1.

Synthesis and composition of glycosaminoglycans by cultured human trabecular meshwork cells.

A human trabecular meshwork cell line with a limited number of population doublings was established in monolayer culture. All cultures produced hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. Following [14C]-glucosamine incorporation into proliferating (phase II) cultures, 70%--80% of the medium glycosaminoglycan label was found in hyaluronic acid and 8%--14% in heparin sulfate.

[Oxygen consumption and aging in longterm cultures of lens epithelia].

By means of the described technique lens epithelia were cultured in 40 subcultures; at the same time, both the morphological aging processes and oxygen consumption of the cells, were observed using the Warburg respirometer. To date comparable studies are not available. Morphologically, cell enlargement took place in conjunction with signs of degeneration.

Morphological and histochemical studies in human rib cartilage chondrons of different age groups.

4- to 6-micrometer thick cryostat sections from rib cartilage of human corpses aged 1 day to 92 years were stained with basic dyes, digested with testes hyaluronidase and examined in polarized light. The areas of 50 chondrons in the cartilage periphery and of 50 chondrons in the cartilage center were measured. The anisotropic zones of the chondrons show a decreased size in the cartilage center as compared to those of the periphery.

[Histochemical studies on the structure and the age changes of Descemet's membrane in cattle (author's transl)].

Descemet's membrane of 15 cattle-corneas, aged 6 month to 13 years was studied by various histochemical and morphometric methods. 3 zones could be differentiated. Zone 1 is relatively small and does not show significant changes with age; zone 2 comprises the main part of Descemet's membrane, its diameter increased with age.