Surrogates of Muscle Mass on Cardiac MRI Correlate with Exercise Capacity in Patients with Fontan Circulation.

Background: Sarcopenia is an increasingly recognized marker of frailty in cardiac patients. Patients with a history of congenital heart disease and Fontan procedure have a higher risk of developing progressive muscle wasting. Our objective was to determine if we could use routine cardiac MRI (CMR) for the surveillance of muscle wasting.

Pediatric mediastinal masses.

Mediastinal masses are categorized based on the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) classification into prevascular, visceral and paravertebral compartments. The schema is based on cross-sectional imaging, mainly CT, and helps with generating a differential diagnosis based on location of the mass. Up to half of all pediatric mediastinal tumors are malignant.

A Case of a Left Atrial Appendage Disguised as a Coronary Artery Aneurysm.

• LAA is a complex, variable anatomic structure that can be mistaken for other cardiac structures. • Color and spectral Doppler may help to discern the LAA from surrounding structures. • Cross-sectional imaging such as CTA can aid in defining the morphology of the LAA.

Pediatric neuroendocrine carcinoid tumors: Management, pathology, and imaging findings in a pediatric referral center.

Background: While neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors are increasingly recognized in the adult population, they are often not suspected in children.

Procedure: Retrospective review of all well-differentiated neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors was performed based on pathology reports from a quaternary pediatric medical center between January 2003 and June 2016. Clinical presentations, treatment approaches, imaging findings, and outcomes were reviewed and analyzed.

Pediatric Neuroendocrine Carcinoid Tumors: Review of Diagnostic Imaging Findings and Recent Advances.

Objective: Although rare, pediatric neuroendocrine tumors including carcinoid tumor have increased in incidence over the past few decades. Despite increased recognition, survival rates have not significantly improved. Earlier detection of these tumors is necessary to improve clinical outcomes.

Single coronary artery anomaly: classification and evaluation using multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography.

The aim of this study was to use multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance (MRA) angiography to illustrate the classification and clinical characteristics of single coronary artery anomaly (SCAA). Retrospective evaluation of 22 adult and pediatric patients with SCAA by way of a medical archiving system was performed between June 2001 and August 2012. Imaging modalities used for coronary artery evaluation included MRA and MDCT angiography.

Isolated intramuscular fibrous band masquerading antral web in a premature neonate. A case report.

Isolated fibrous gastric antral band in a neonate causing partial gastric obstruction and mimicking prepyloric antral web is not reported in the English literature, and we would like to report the first case. A premature neonate with feeding difficulties and bilious aspirate underwent upper gastrointestinal contrast examination. The upper gastrointestinal series showed a thin, radiolucent, circumferential band in the antrum with delayed gastric emptying.

Noncompaction cardiomyopathy in children with congenital heart disease: evaluation using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Noncompaction of the left ventricle, a genetic cardiomyopathy with a reported incidence of 0.05% to 0.24%, can lead to sudden cardiac death, particularly among children, if left undetected.

Reducing abdominal CT radiation dose with the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction technique in children: a feasibility study.

Background: The use of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm has been shown to reduce radiation doses in adults undergoing abdominal CT studies while preserving image quality. To our knowledge, no studies have been done to validate the use of ASIR in children.

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate differences in radiation dose and image quality in pediatric CT abdominal studies utilizing 40% ASIR compared with filtered-back projection (FBP).

Left ventricular non-compaction on MRI in a patient with 22q11.2 distal deletion.

We report on a 22-year-old male carrying a presumptive clinical diagnosis of Dubowitz-like phenotype who has been followed-up by cardiology for bicuspid aortic valve with ascending aorta and aortic root dilatation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) confirmed these findings, along with an incidental finding of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC). Genetic workup revealed the diagnosis of 22q11.