Autism in Phenylketonuria Patients: From Clinical Presentation to Molecular Defects.

Autism has been reported in untreated patients with phenylketonuria. The authors aimed to explore autism in 15 Tunisian and 4 Algerian phenylketonuria patients, and report their clinical, biochemical and molecular peculiarities. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised were used for the diagnosis of autism.

Phenylketonuria is still a major cause of mental retardation in Tunisia despite the possibility of treatment.

Background And Objective: Accumulation of phenylalanine following a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity generates a brain damage with mental retardation: phenylketonuria (PKU). In the developing countries, where PKU systematic neonatal screening program is not established yet, the management of PKU handicap is not properly carried out. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of the PKU diagnosed following clinical features anomalies, to provide information about the untreated PKU patients profile in Tunisia not covered by neonatal screening.