Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular subtypes, underscoring a better understanding of its molecular features and underlying regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, identifying novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets is crucial for advancing the current standard of care for breast cancer patients.
Methods: Ninety-six formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples underwent miRNAome profiling using QIAseq microRNA library kit and sequencing on Illumina platform.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in breast cancer pathogenesis, including Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) subtype. Identifying the lncRNA expression patterns across different breast cancer subtypes could provide valuable insights into their potential utilization as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we profiled lncRNA expression in 96 breast cancer cases, revealing significant differences compared to normal breast tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJournal clubs (JCs) are a common format used in teaching institutions to promote trainee engagement and develop skills in seeking out evidence-based medicine and critically evaluating literature. Digital technology has made JC accessible to worldwide audiences, which allows for increased inclusion of globally diverse presenters and attendees. Herein we describe the experience of the first 2 years of a virtual gynecologic pathology JC designed with the goal of providing mentorship and increasing inclusivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies have suggested that breast cancer (BC) from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is presented at younger age with advanced tumor stage, indicating underlying biological differences. Given the scant transcriptomic data on BC from the MENA region and to better understand the biology of this disease, we performed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) transcriptomic profiling on a local cohort of BC (n = 96) from Qatar. Our data revealed the differentially expressed genes and miRNAs as function of BC molecular subtypes (HR, HER2, HER2HR, and TNBC), tumor grade (GIII vs GI-II), patients' age (young (≤40) vs old (>40)), and ethnicity (MENA vs non-MENA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSaudi J Med Med Sci
January 2022
Uterine adenosarcoma is usually a low-grade neoplasm with a mixed benign epithelial component and malignant stroma, commonly found in postmenopausal women. In the presence of sarcomatous overgrowth, it has been shown to have poor prognosis. Uterine adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth and rhabdoid features is extremely rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOvarian serous tumors and related lesions are one of the most common conditions of the female genital tract. While ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma carries high mortality and adverse prognosis, most other serous lesions have better clinical behavior. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the nature and histogenesis of these lesions that has contributed to better and more precise clinical management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCiliated cell variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (CCVEA) is an extremely rare tumor that has been seldom reported in the literature as low-grade endometrioid carcinoma with a favorable prognosis. CCVEA is characterized by neoplastic glands composed predominantly of ciliated cells with relatively little nuclear atypia. Recognition of the ciliated component is the key to the diagnosis of CCVEA but it can lead to diagnostic confusion with tubal metaplasia especially on endometrial biopsies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost cervical carcinomas and their related lesions are attributed to an infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). The infection usually starts in the basal cells at the squamocolumnar junction. It causes cell proliferation and maturation abnormalities along with nuclear abnormalities resulting in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytokeratins belong to the family of intermediate filaments. They are expressed in a highly specific manner in epithelial cells where they play a crucial role in the integrity and mechanical stability of the cells. Several types of cytokeratins have been described in normal as well as neoplastic urothelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Mucinous neoplasms of appendix account for 0.2-0.4% of all the appendix specimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndometriosis is a relatively common condition in which endometrial tissue is established in locations outside the uterus where, like the eutopic endometrium, it responds to hormonal stimuli and develops internal bleeding, inflammation, and fibrosis. These changes are associated with chronic and often debilitating cyclic pain and infertility. The pathogenesis of endometriosis is multifactorial, and several theories have been proposed to explain it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev
January 2020
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm that is associated with a large biological spectrum ranging from latent benign to highly recurrent and occasionally metastatic tumor. In this article, we present a case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with swelling at the left lower ribs during pregnancy. Surgical excision was done, and histopathology showed tumor with features consistent with GCTB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) is gastric mucosal tissue outside the stomach. It can be discovered anywhere throughout the gastrointestinal tract and is mostly asymptomatic. HGM, although rare beyond the ligament of Treitz, should be included in the differential diagnosis in a young patient with a polyp causing obstructive symptoms or bleeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndometrial carcinoma has been traditionally divided into type 1 or endometrioid type that is usually moderate to well differentiated and type 2 that is usually poorly differentiated with high histologic grade and aggressive clinical behavior. However, interobserver diagnostic agreement is suboptimal, particularly among the high-grade histotypes. Furthermore, recent data indicate that this histotype assignment does not independently correlate with survival.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a high-grade noninvasive malignancy with a high tendency of progression. Although it is typically grouped with other nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers, its higher grade and aggressiveness make it a unique clinical entity. Urothelial CIS is histologically characterized by replacement of the urothelium by cells which fulfill the morphologic criteria of malignancy including nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, prominent nucleoli, and increased numbers of normal and abnormal mitoses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMucor is an angioinvasive fungus that was reported mainly in immunocompromised patients. It usually presents as rhino-orbital, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and disseminated disease. Isolated renal mucormycosis is an extremely rare infection in immunocompetent patients and is associated with high fatality rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe concept that the pattern of metastatic spread of cancer is not random and that cancer cells exhibit preferences when metastasizing to organs, dates back to 1889 when Steven Paget published his "seed and soil" hypothesis. He proposed that the spread of tumor cells is governed by interaction and cooperation between the cancer cells (seed) and the host organ (soil). Extensive studies during the last several decades have provided a better understanding of the process of metastatic spread of cancer and several stages such as intravasation, extravasation, tumor latency, and development of micrometastasis and macrometastasis have been defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunocompromised status is associated with invasive fungal infections including mucormycosis. These infections are challenging to treat and associated with high overall mortality. Here we report a fatal case of invasive mucormycosis in a cirrhotic, diabetic patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSarcomatoid variant of urothelial carcinoma (SVUC) of the renal pelvis is a rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, around 25 cases of this neoplasm have been reported in the literature to date, most of which were of high stage. The inferior vena cava tumour thrombus, which is a hallmark of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), may rarely be found in urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis.
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