Cervical cancer incidence and trends among women aged 15-29 years by county-level economic status and rurality - United States, 2007-2020.

Introduction: Variations in cervical cancer incidence rates and trends have been reported by sociodemographic characteristics. However, research on economic characteristics is limited especially among younger women in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed United States Cancer Statistics data to examine age-standardized cervical cancer incidence rates among women aged 15-29 years during 2007-2020.

Scrotal Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends-United States, 1999-2020.

Objective: To examine population-level scrotal cancer incidence rates and trends among adult men in the United States.

Methods: Data from the United States Cancer Statistics, covering approximately 96% of the United States population, were analyzed to calculate age-standardized incidence rates of scrotal cancer among men aged 18 years and older from 1999 to 2020. Trends in incidence rates were evaluated by age, race and ethnicity, Census region, and histology using joinpoint regression.

The impact of adjusting for hysterectomy prevalence on cervical cancer incidence rates and trends among women aged 30 years or older-United States, 2001-2019.

Hysterectomy protects against cervical cancer when the cervix is removed. However, measures of cervical cancer incidence often fail to exclude women with a hysterectomy from the population-at-risk denominator, underestimating and distorting disease burden. In this study, we estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys to remove the women who were not at risk of cervical cancer from the denominator and combined these estimates with the US Cancer Statistics data.

Population-level incidence of human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal, cervical, and anal cancers, by smoking status.

We estimated the population-level incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal, cervical, and anal cancers by smoking status. We combined HPV DNA genotyping data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Cancer Registry Sentinel Surveillance System with data from the Kentucky Cancer Registry and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System across smoking status. During 2004-2005 and 2014-2015 in Kentucky, most cases of oropharyngeal (63.

Variation in cervical cancer screening test utilization and results in a United States-based program.

Background: Little is known about cervical cancer screening strategy utilization (cytology alone, cytology plus high-risk human papillomavirus [HPV] testing [cotesting], primary HPV testing) and test results in the United States.

Methods: Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program were analyzed for 199,578 persons aged 21-65 years screened from 2019 to 2020. Screening test utilization and results were stratified by demographic characteristics and geographic region.

Human papillomavirus-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma: sociodemographic, geographic, and county-level economic trends in incidence rates-United States, 2001-2019.

Background: Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increasing, but vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and removal of precancerous anal lesions could prevent new cases. The overall HPV-associated cancer incidence is reported to be higher in rural populations and in counties with lower economic status. We assessed these differences specifically for HPV-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma and described the geographic, county-level economic, and sociodemographic variations in incidence rates and trends.

The Relation Between Travel Distance and Overall Survival for HPV-Associated Cancers in a High-Burden State.

Purpose: To assess the association between travel distance to an academic health system and overall survival for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers.

Methods: Using hospital-based cancer registry data from 2005-2019, we calculated unidirectional travel distance from each patient's geocoded address to our academic health center through network analysis. We categorized distance as (<25 miles), (25-74.

Variation in hysterectomy prevalence and trends among U.S. States and Territories-Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2012-2020.

Purpose: We estimated up-to-date state- and territory-level hysterectomy prevalence and trends, which can help correct the population at risk denominator and calculate more accurate uterine and cervical cancer rates.

Methods: We analyzed self-reported data for a population-based sample of 1,267,013 U.S.

Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening test use in the US territories of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands.

Background: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening among eligible adults, but information on screening use in the US territories is limited.

Methods: To estimate the proportion of adults up-to-date with breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening based on USPSTF recommendations, we analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2016, 2018, and 2020 for the 50 US states and DC (US) and US territories of Guam and Puerto Rico and from 2016 for the US Virgin Islands. Age-standardized weighted proportions for up-to-date cancer screening were examined overall and by select characteristics for each jurisdiction.

Perception of Barriers to and Factors Associated with HPV Vaccination Among Parents of American Indian Adolescents in the Cherokee Nation.

The purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions of HPV vaccination barriers and factors among parents or guardians of American Indian adolescents in the Cherokee Nation. Fifty-four parents of American Indian adolescents in the Cherokee Nation participated in one of eleven focus group discussions from June to August 2019. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes.

Accelerating Cervical Cancer Screening With Human Papillomavirus Genotyping.

Introduction: Selective utilization of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping in cervical cancer screening can accelerate clinical management, leading to earlier identification and treatment of precancerous lesions and cancer. Specifically, immediate colposcopy (instead of 1-year return) is recommended in persons with normal cytology and HPV genotypes 16 and/or 18, and expedited treatment (instead of colposcopy) is recommended in persons with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology and HPV genotype 16. The effects of implementing HPV testing and genotyping into a screening program are largely unknown.

HPV vaccination coverage and factors among American Indians in Cherokee Nation.

Purpose: We estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation coverage among American Indian adolescents and identified factors associated with HPV vaccination among parents of these adolescents.

Methods: We developed, tested, and disseminated a survey to a random sample of 2,000 parents of American Indian adolescents aged 9-17 years who had accessed Cherokee Nation Health Services from January 2019 to August 2020. We used log-binomial regression to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted weighted prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adolescent HPV vaccine initiation.

Trends in HPV- and non-HPV-associated vulvar cancer incidence, United States, 2001-2017.

Vulvar cancer incidence has been rising in recent years, possibly due to increasing exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed incidence rates of HPV-associated and non-HPV-associated vulvar cancers diagnosed from 2001 to 2017 in the United States (US). Using population-based cancer registry data covering 99% of the US population, incidence rates were calculated and stratified by age, race/ethnicity, stage, geographic region, and histology.

Barriers and Factors Associated with HPV Vaccination Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: A Systematic Review.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons bear a disproportionate burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and face unique challenges to HPV vaccination. We undertook a systematic review to synthesize the available evidence on HPV vaccination barriers and factors among AI/AN persons in the United States. We searched fourteen bibliographic databases, four citation indexes, and six gray literature sources from July 2006 to January 2021.

Development and Implementation of an HPV Vaccination Survey for American Indians in Cherokee Nation.

Improving human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates is a public health priority and a crucial cancer prevention goal. We designed a survey to estimate HPV vaccination coverage and understand factors associated with HPV vaccination among American Indian adolescents aged 9 to 17 years in Cherokee Nation, United States. The final survey contains 37 questions across 10 content areas, including HPV vaccination awareness, initiation, reasons, recommendations, and beliefs.

HPV Vaccine Initiation and Completion Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Adults, United States, 2014.

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adults bear a disproportionate burden of certain human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. In 2015, data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) showed vaccination coverage among adults by racial and ethnic groups; however, coverage data for NHPI adults were unavailable. In this study, we estimated the initiation and completion of HPV vaccination and assessed the factors associated with vaccination among NHPI adults aged 18 to 26 years in the United States.

HPV vaccination and Native Americans: protocol for a systematic review of factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the USA.

Introduction: The nine-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could prevent an estimated 92% of the cancers attributable to HPV types targeted by the vaccine. However, uptake of the HPV vaccine among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents has been low. AI/ANs also bear a disproportionate burden of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers.

Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality among Non-Hispanic African American and White Women, United States, 1999-2015.

Background: Cervical cancer, a preventable cancer, has disproportionately affected African American women. To better understand the burden of cervical cancer, we assessed incidence and mortality rates and analyzed trends among non-Hispanic (NH) African American and White women in the US from 1999 to 2015.

Methods: From age-adjusted cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates, rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for comparison between the two races.

Trends in Cancer Incidence Among American Indians and Alaska Natives and Non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, 1999-2015.

Background: Female breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers are the leading incident cancers among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) persons in the United States. To understand racial differences, we assessed incidence rates, analyzed trends, and examined geographic variation in incidence by Indian Health Service regions.

Methods: To assess differences in incidence, we used age-adjusted incidence rates to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends.