Prospective Assessment of VI-RADS with Muscle Invasion in Urinary Bladder Cancer and Its Implication on Re-Resection/Restaging TURBT Patients.

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis relies on distinguishing muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) forms. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is a standard procedure for initial staging and treatment. The Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) enhances diagnostic accuracy for muscle invasiveness through advanced imaging techniques, potentially reducing reliance on repeat TURBT and improving patient management.

Intratumoral Heterogeneity, Chemoresistance and Lymph Node Landing Zone Prognosis in Testicular Tumors Based on Histopathological Characteristics.

Background: Existing data on the histopathological correlation of testicular tumors with lymph node prognosis have been poorly explored. We aimed to investigate the relationship of the histopathological properties of testicular tumors with lymph nodes and their involvement with chemoresistance and heterogeneity of testicular tumors.

Methods: Patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) were selected for histopathological correlation of testicular tumor with lymph nodes and its relationship with chemoresistance and heterogeneity.

Comparison of Risk Factors for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in Type 2 Diabetics and Nondiabetics: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background And Aims: We aim to compare the various risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and nondiabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected and evaluated the data of 175 OPD patients with ED. We included 138 patients of ED from endocrinology and urology OPD after exclusion.

Skeletal-Related Events in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prediction With Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive Protein (CRP), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (A.C.H.E.) Score for Risk Stratification.

Introduction  Skeletal metastasis is catastrophic in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), leading to skeletal-related events (SRE) such as nerve entrapment, hypercalcemia and even pathological fractures, which may require surgical intervention. The nature of the bone metastasis in advanced RCC is large, destructive, hyper-vascular and mostly lytic. The present retrospective analysis aims to identify potential risk factors for predicting SREs in advanced RCC with bone metastasis.

Electronic medical records-based retrospective, longitudinal, observational study to understand the patient management of benign prostatic hyperplasia with alpha-blockers monotherapy in Indian population.

Objective: The present retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness and tolerability of alpha-blockers as monotherapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Materials And Methods: A total of 335 male patients >50 years were categorized into four groups (Alfuzosin: 166, Silodosin: 67, Tamsulosin: 70, Prazosin: 32). The efficacy evaluated as a change in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume, and relief from LUTS, and tolerability of the various alpha-blockers was assessed across the study group.

SPATA16 promoter hypermethylation and downregulation in male infertility.

Spermatogenesis associated 16 (SPATA16) gene plays an important role in acrosome formation. In this study, we analysed SPATA16 promoter methylation in 29 oligozoospermic infertile and 16 normozoospermic fertile sperm samples and in testicular biopsy from 16 non-obstructive azoospermic and 2 obstructive azoospermic individuals. Next, we analysed SPATA16 level in sperm from 8 oligozoospermic infertile, 6 normozoospermic fertile, 9 IVF failed normozoospermic and 10 IVF successful normozoospermic samples by immunoblotting.

Expert survey on management of prostate cancer in India: Real-world insights into practice patterns.

To gain insights on the diverse practice patterns and treatment pathways for prostate cancer (PC) in India, the Urological Cancer Foundation convened the first Indian survey to discuss all aspects of PC, with the objective of guiding clinicians on optimizing management in PC. A modified Delphi method was used, wherein a multidisciplinary panel of oncologists treating PC across India developed a questionnaire related to screening, diagnosis and management of early, locally advanced and metastatic PC and participated in a web-based survey (WBS) (n = 62). An expert committee meeting (CM) (n = 48, subset from WBS) reviewed the ambiguous questions for better comprehension and reanalyzed the evidence to establish a revote for specific questions.

Results of bladder neck reconstruction using bladder flaps in complex female urethral defects.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Female urethral defects are rare, congenital defects being more uncommon than acquired, and difficult to manage. Most female urethral defects are associated with incontinence or acute urinary retention. There is a lack of standard protocol-based management of female urethral defects because of limited experience.

AZF deletions in Indian populations: original study and meta-analyses.

Purpose: To identify the frequency of Y chromosome microdeletions in Indian populations and to quantitatively estimate the significance of association between these deletions and male infertility.

Methods: A total of 379 infertile males (302 azoospermic and 77 oligozoospermic infertile males) and 265 normozoospermic fertile males were evaluated for Y chromosome microdeletions (YCD) using PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. Meta-analyses were performed on AZFa (2079 cases and 1217 controls), AZFb (2212 cases and 1267 controls), AZFc (4131 cases and 2008 controls), and AZFb+c (1573 cases and 942 controls) deletions data to quantitatively estimate the significance of association between these deletions and male infertility in Indian populations.

Increased DNA methylation in the spermatogenesis-associated (SPATA) genes correlates with infertility.

Background: Spermatogenesis-associated (SPATA) family of genes plays important roles in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation or fertilization. The knockout studies in mice have demonstrated that SPATA genes are crucial for fertility. Gene expression and genetic polymorphism studies have further suggested their correlation with infertility; however, methylation analysis of SPATA genes in human male infertility has not yet been undertaken.

Duplications in 19p13.3 are associated with male infertility.

Purpose: To identify genomic imbalances and candidate loci in idiopathic male infertility.

Methods: Affymetrix CytoScan 750K Array was used to analyze genomic imbalances and candidate loci in 34 idiopathic infertile cases of different phenotypes (hypo-spermatogenesis, n = 8; maturation arrest, n = 7; and Sertoli cell-only syndrome, n = 13, severe oligozoospermia, n = 6, and 10 normozoospermic fertile men). Ten ethnically matched controls were screened for comparison.

Array-based DNA methylation profiling reveals peripheral blood differential methylation in male infertility.

Objective: To study peripheral blood DNA differential methylation in oligozoospermic infertile men in comparison with normozoospermic fertile controls.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Reproductive biology laboratory.

XRCC1 deficiency correlates with increased DNA damage and male infertility.

High fidelity DNA repair is critical to sustain the genomic integrity and quality of developing germ cells. Deficiencies in DNA repair machinery may result in increased DNA damage in germ cell leading to abnormal spermatogenesis and infertility. X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is a testis enriched protein that plays a crucial role in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway.

Azoospermic infertility is associated with altered expression of DNA repair genes.

Compelling evidence suggest that germs cells are predominantly sensitive to DNA damaging agents in comparison to other cells. High fidelity DNA repair in testicular cells thus becomes indispensable to preserve the genomic integrity for passing on to the progeny. Compromised DNA repair machinery in the testicular cells may result in impaired spermatogenesis and infertility.

SNPs in ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1 genes of the DNA repair pathway and risk of male infertility in the Asian populations: association study, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.

Purpose: We investigated if substitutions in the ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1 genes of the DNA repair pathway correlate with non-obstructive azoospermia and male infertility.

Methods: A total of 548 azoospermic infertile males and 410 fertile controls were genotyped for XRCC1 399A > G, 280G > A, and ERCC1 C > A 3' UTR and 541 azoospermic infertile males and 416 fertile controls were genotyped for ERCC2 751A > C using iPLEX Gold Assay. Meta-analyses were performed on XRCC1 399A > G (1022 cases and 1004 controls), ERCC1 C > A 3' UTR (879 cases and 1059 controls), and ERCC2 751A > C (914 cases and 850 controls) polymorphisms to quantitatively estimate the significance of the association between these polymorphisms and the risk of infertility.

Genome-wide differential methylation analyses identifies methylation signatures of male infertility.

Study Question: Do methylation changes in sperm DNA correlate with infertility?

Study Answer: Loss of spermatogenesis and fertility was correlated with 1680 differentially-methylated CpGs (DMCs) across 1052 genes.

What Is Known Already: Methylation changes in a number of genes have been correlated with reduced sperm count and motility.

Study Design, Size, Duration: This case-control study used spermatozoal DNA from 38 oligo-/oligoastheno-zoospermic infertile patients and 26 normozoospermic fertile men.

Using the Modified Clavien Grading System to Classify Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Purpose: A modified Clavien classification system has been proposed to grade perioperative complications. We share our experience in grading the complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), according to this new classification.

Methods: A total of 809 PNLs performed between 2010 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.

Non-Functional Paraganglioma of the Urinary Bladder Treated by Transurethral Resection: Report of Two Cases.

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumour derived from chromaffin tissue of the sympathetic nervous system. Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder especially the non-functional type is often misdiagnosed as urothelial cancer. Two female patients aged 32 years and 45 years presented with painless haematuria without any symptoms of catecholamine excess.

Influence of Demographic and Clinical Factors on Surgical Outcomes of the Transobturator Tape Procedure in Patients with Stress Urinary Incontinence.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent problem within the female population with associated high psycho-social impact. Transobturator tape procedure is a well-established procedure to treat the same, but the results may be influenced by various preoperative demographic and clinical factors.

Patients And Methods: The study group comprised of 50 female patients with genuine SUI, who were then divided into subgroups based on demographic and clinical factors.

Dysuria and fever in a young woman diagnosed as having inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the urinary bladder.

A 38-year-old woman presented with dysuria and fever. Her medical and family histories were unremarkable. CT scan of the abdomen revealed a polypoid mass of 4×2.

Renal-type clear cell carcinoma of the prostate: a diagnostic challenge.

A 72-year-old male presented with urinary symptoms. His serum prostate specific antigen level was 65.2 ng/ml.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a domestic shorthair cat.

A 3-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute history of lethargy and decreased appetite. Pertinent physical examination abnormalities included palpable irregularity of the right kidney and pain on palpation of the left kidney. Ultrasonographic imaging of the abdomen revealed gas present at the corticomedullary junction of the left kidney, consistent with emphysematous pyelonephritis, as well as emphysematous cystitis.

Cutaneous metastases of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is a common visceral malignancy of elderly men. Cutaneous metastasis of PA is rare. The incidence is <1%.