Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep in Saudi Arabia: Electroclinical, etiologic, genetic, and outcome multicenter study.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical features of developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (D/EE-SWAS), its electrographic characteristics, and etiology and to compare the effects of different treatment strategies on the outcomes using a Saudi Arabian database.

Methods: This multicenter study included children with D/EE-SWAS who were evaluated between 2010 and 2020 at 11 tertiary centers. Data were collected on their baseline clinical features, etiologies, and treatment modalities.

The Prevalence of Active Epilepsy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: The global prevalence of active epilepsy is around 6.38/1,000 persons. In the Arabian region, the median prevalence of active epilepsy is 4.

Consensus Statement on the Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Saudi Arabia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused overwhelming challenges in healthcare worldwide. During such an outbreak, some needs of high-risk groups who require regular follow-ups and long-term management are not met. The vulnerable populations include patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

A Review of Investigations for Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Who Were Referred to the Tuberous Sclerosis Clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children: Identifying Gaps in Surveillance.

Objective: As a newly established tuberous sclerosis clinic (TSC) clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children, we reviewed our referrals to determine if children with TSC received appropriate surveillance as advised by the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Recommendations.

Methods: We completed a retrospective review of all patients seen in the TSC clinic from January 2016 to December 2017 to determine if children referred to the clinic had appropriate surveillance as suggested by the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Recommendations.

Results: Ninety patients were seen in the TSC clinic.

A prospective open-label trial of a CBD/THC cannabis oil in dravet syndrome.

Introduction: Both Δ Tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) components of cannabis, have been shown to have anticonvulsant effects. Cannabis oils are used to treat seizures in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Recent trials provide data on dosing, side effects, and efficacy of CBD, yet there is a paucity of information on THC in epilepsy.

The role of surgery in refractory epilepsy secondary to polymicrogyria in the pediatric population.

Objective: Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a common malformation of cortical development. Many patients with PMG will have medically refractory epilepsy but the role of epilepsy surgery is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of surgical resection/disconnection in achieving seizure control in pediatric patients with PMG.

Spiders, ladybugs and bees: A case of unusual sensations in a child with cingulate epilepsy.

Cingulate epilepsy is a rare form of epilepsy. Seizures from the anterior cingulate may present with mood change, fear, hypermotor activity, and autonomic signs, while posterior cingulate seizures resemble temporal lobe seizures. We describe a child with cingulate epilepsy who experienced unpleasant/painful sensory phenomenon.

The Fault in Their Stars-Accumulating Astrocytic Inclusions Associated With Clusters of Epileptic Spasms in Children With Global Developmental Delay.

Background: The presence of cerebral astrocytic inclusions recently has been described in a subset of children with early-onset refractory epilepsy, with or without structural brain malformations, and varying degrees of developmental delay.

Methods: We describe two new individuals with epilepsy with astrocytic inclusions and suggest that in some children this disorder may represent a unique hemispheric epilepsy. We review previously reported individuals with epilepsy with astrocytic inclusions.

FHF1 (FGF12) epileptic encephalopathy.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nas) are mainstays of neuronal function, and mutations in the genes encoding CNS Nas (Na1.1 [], Na1.2 [], Na1.