Dots, lines, contours, and ends: An image-based review of esophageal pathology.

Esophageal pathologies encountered on fluoroscopic examination may pose a diagnostic challenge to the interpreting Radiologist. Understanding the varied imaging appearances of esophageal pathology requires a thorough understanding of barium esophagography. This article reviews the various fluoroscopic imaging findings of different esophageal pathologies by describing an approach to image interpretation centered on dots, lines, contours, and ends.

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Colonic Mucosal Neoplasia and Evaluation of Long-Term Recurrence: A Single-Center Experience of 500 Cases.

Objectives: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an alternative to surgery for the treatment of large laterally spreading lesions. Residual or recurrent adenoma is a major limitation. This study aimed to quantify early and late recurrences and to assess its associated risk factors.

Giant Gastric Ulcers: An Unusual Culprit.

Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is routinely used immunosuppressant in solid organ transplantation is commonly associated with several gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. Here we present a case of giant gastric ulcer of 5 cm from MMF use post cardiac transplant. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 56-year-old male with history of severe ischemic cardiomyopathy post heart transplant was on immunosuppression with MMF, tacrolimus and prednisone for 5 months.

Migration of Over-the-scope Clip Resulting in Anal Pain and Obstructed Defecation.

Iatrogenic perforation is a known and feared complication of diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy. Specific locations in the gastrointestinal tract, such as the jejunum, have a higher risk of perforation owing to its difficult anatomical position. Over-the-scope clips have recently been used for the management of these perforations.

A Rare Case of Bowel Obstruction due to Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women and has a high mortality rate. It commonly metastasizes to the skeletal and pulmonary systems. Rare reports have described breast cancer spreading to the gastrointestinal tract.

Endoscopic detection and resection of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease-techniques with videos.

Background: Patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis have an increased risk of developing dysplasia and colorectal cancer as compared to the general population; surveillance colonoscopy is recommended in this patient population.

Methods: This review of the published literature aimed to assess the published evidence.

Results: Detection of dysplasia requires examination of mucosa with targeted biopsies of the visible lesions as well as random biopsies to detect invisible lesions.

Eluxadoline-induced Recurrent Pancreatitis in a Young Female without a Gallbladder: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Eluxadoline is a mixed opioid receptor agonist and antagonist approved for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is believed to decrease visceral hypersensitivity without completely inhibiting intestinal motility. Pooled safety data from two phase three randomized trials have reported few cases of pancreatitis especially in patients with sphincter of Oddi (SO) dysfunction and cholecystectomy patients.

Both Full Glasgow-Blatchford Score and Modified Glasgow-Blatchford Score Predict the Need for Intervention and Mortality in Patients with Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Background: Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) has been developed for risk stratification in management of acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. However, the performance of GBS in patients with lower GI bleeding is unknown.

Aim: To evaluate the performance of full or modified GBS and modified GBS in prediction of major clinical outcomes in patients with lower GI bleeding.

A Case of Pancreatic Pseudocyst Complicated by Pseudoaneurysm.

Pancreatic pseudocyst is a complication that can arise in both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Overtime, this encapsulated enzyme-rich fluid collection may erode into surrounding vasculature and result in the formation of a pseudoaneurysm. Pseudoaneurysms can rupture into the gastrointestinal tract and present as upper, lower, and biliary bleeding.

Tuberculous Arthritis of the Elbow Joint: An Uncommon Location with a Diagnostic Dilemma.

Musculoskeletal tuberculosis accounts for 1%-3% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide with elbow involvement being even less common. The most cases of tuberculous arthritis occur in patients born in and emigrated from endemic regions, especially in patients who are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We present a rare case of tuberculous septic arthritis of the elbow joint in a 78-year-old African-American female from the United States, with no history of travel abroad.

Intraventricular Haemorrhage Complicated by Hydrocephalus in an Acutely Encephalopathic Preterm Infant.

Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is characterized by bleeding of the immature subependymal germinal matrix in preterm infants, but the pathogenesis is multifactorial. IVH and posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality among preterm infants. We describe a preterm male infant who was born clinically stillbirth; became moderately severe encephalopathic.

Pseudomembranous aspergillar tracheobronchitis in a non-neutropenic critically ill patient in the intensive care unit.

Invasive aspergillosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. Prolonged neutropenia is the most common risk factor. It has rarely been reported to occur in non-neutropenic critically ill patients in the intensive care unit setting.

Postgastric bypass hypoglycaemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease: a diagnostic and management pitfall.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is currently one of the most popular procedures to aid weight loss. Hypoglycaemia associated with gastric bypass surgery is an underdiagnosed but life-threatening potential consequence of the surgical procedure. We present a case of a 44-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease presenting with refractory hypoglycaemia after 10 years of RYGB.