Preterm Infant Fecal Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles Are Modulated in a Probiotic Specific Manner.

Objectives: To compare the impact of two probiotic supplements on fecal microbiota and metabolites, as well as on gut inflammation in human milk-fed preterm infants.

Methods: In this single-center observational cohort study, we assessed the effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis or Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the infant gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal metabolome by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Non-invasive carbon dioxide monitoring in neonates: methods, benefits, and pitfalls.

Wide fluctuations in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) can potentially be associated with neurological and lung injury in neonates. Blood gas measurement is the gold standard for assessing gas exchange but is intermittent, invasive, and contributes to iatrogenic blood loss. Non-invasive carbon dioxide (CO) monitoring has become ubiquitous in anesthesia and critical care and is being increasingly used in neonates.