Morgagni Hernia: A Rare Presentation in a Young Adult.

Morgagni hernia is the rarest diaphragmatic hernia, occurring in only about 2% of all cases. Despite its infrequent presentation, it poses significant morbidity once the diagnosis is missed. We present a rare case of a young adult female with no predisposing factors who experienced dyspnea and retrosternal pain with unremarkable clinical findings.

DIAGNOSTIC PATTERNS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To characterize prevalence estimates by race, age, sex, and comorbidity (diabetes and hypertension) within the Medicare beneficiary demographic.

Methods: In this US population-based retrospective cohort analysis, the Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System was analyzed for a 100% sample of Medicare Fee-For-Service beneficiary populations of Asians and non-Hispanic Whites between 2014 and 2018. Exclusionary criteria included beneficiaries younger than 40 years.

Morphological Study of Variations of the Human Cadaveric Liver and Its Clinical Implications.

Introduction With increasing dependence on laparoscopic procedures, precise knowledge of external variations of the liver is essential for good surgical and interventional outcomes, preventing imaging misdiagnosis, and curtailing complications. The present study aims to evaluate the gross anatomical variations of the liver. Materials and Methods The 40 adult cadaveric livers of age 60-80 years were removed during the routine dissection for undergraduate medical students and examined for morphological variations in the form of size, shape, and fissures.

Anatomical Variations of Corona Mortis in the Anterior Intrapelvic Approach: A Cadaveric Study.

Corona mortis (CMOR) is an anastomotic channel either arterial, venous or both connecting the obturator and external iliac systems excluding aberrant channels in the retropubic space. The goal of this study is to illustrate the type of CMOR via the Anterior Intrapelvic approach (AIP) which has not been studied in tandem. This descriptive observational study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India from January 2018 to December 2020.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion After Nasosinal Surgery - an Insight.

Objective: To describe a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after nasosinal surgery and subject's subsequent response to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

Design: Observational case report.

Results: We describe a subject with diagnosed CRAO after septoplasty, bilateral inferior turbinate reduction and balloon sinuplasty, who was given hyperbaric oxygen treatment after four days of onset of CRAO with an improvement in visual acuity and visual field.

Choroidal thickness measured with swept source optical coherence tomography in posterior staphyloma strongly correlates with axial length and visual acuity.

Purpose: To measure the choroidal thickness in patients with high myopia from staphyloma using swept source OCT (SS-OCT) in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) fields and compare to normal cohort. The study also evaluated the correlation between choroidal thickness with axial length and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Methods: In this prospective cross sectional study, 37 eyes of 20 patients with high myopia from staphyloma and 86 eyes of 43 normal subjects were included.

TEMPORAL THINNING IN SICKLE CELL RETINOPATHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIMINISHED PERFUSION ON OCTA AND DENSE SCOTOMA ON MICROPERIMETERY.

Purpose: To establish correlation between the structural compromise (capillary loss and hypoperfusion on optical coherence tomography [optical coherence tomography angiography]) with perimacular functional impairment noted on microperimetry.

Methods: Retrospective case series. Clinical records and multimodal imaging findings of patients presenting with sickle cell disease were reviewed.

The application of optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal diseases.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new, noninvasive imaging technique that generates real-time volumetric data on chorioretinal vasculature and its flow pattern. With the advent of high-speed optical coherence tomography, established enface chorioretinal segmentation, and efficient algorithms, OCTA generates images that resemble an angiogram. The principle of OCTA involves determining the change in backscattering between consecutive B-scans and then attributing the differences to the flow of erythrocytes through retinal blood vessels.

Deep Capillary Macular Perfusion Indices Obtained with OCT Angiography Correlate with Degree of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the integrity of macular and temporomacular vasculature in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with noninvasive optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and correlate perfusion indices with degree of NPDR.

Methods: In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, 102 eyes with newly diagnosed NPDR (mild NPDR, 36; moderate NPDR, 21; severe NPDR, 13; NPDR with diabetic macular edema [DME], 32) underwent OCTA. Sixty eyes of normal subjects served as control.

EXTREME DIURNAL VARIATION OF CENTRAL MACULAR THICKNESS IN DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA.

Purpose: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an established modality to quantify diabetic macular edema (DME). Change in central subfield thickness exceeding 3% to 6% in DME is likely to be significant. In this case of DME, we describe an extreme bilateral variation in central macular thickness on spectral domain optical coherence tomography over two consecutive days without any treatment.

Inhibition of proliferation of retinal vascular endothelial cells more effectively than choroidal vascular endothelial cell proliferation by bevacizumab.

Aim: To evaluate the differential inhibitory effects of bevacizumab on cell proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated choroidal vascular endothelial cells (CVECs) and retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs)

Methods: VEGF (400 ng/mL) enriched CVECs and RVECs were treated with escalating doses of bevacizumab (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.

SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY VALIDATES LAMINA CRIBROSA ANOMALY IN OPTIC DISK PIT.

Purpose: Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography validates lamina cribrosa anomaly in optic disk pit.

Method: Observational case report.

Results: A 25-year-old African American male presented with decreased vision in right eye of 4 days duration.

Intraocular Pressure in Premature Low Birth Weight Infants.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in premature low birth weight (LBW) infants and their correlation with gestational age (GA).

Methods: IOP and CCT were measured in premature LBW infants (defined as a birth weight ≤ 1,500 g or birth GA ≤ 30 weeks) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of Florida Division of Neonatology, UF Health Jacksonville.

Results: Ninety eyes of 45 premature LBW infants with mean birth GA of 28.

Osmolarity and spectrophotometric property of brilliant blue green define the degree of toxicity on retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to surgical endoilluminator.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of brilliant blue green (BBG) and their different biochemical characteristics on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under xenon light source illumination at varying distances to identify safe parameters for intraoperative use.

Methods: Human retinal RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to two concentrations (0.25 and 0.

Clinical applications of spectral domain optical coherence tomography in retinal diseases.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was introduced about two decades ago and has revolutionized ophthalmic practice in recent years. It is a noninvasive noncontact imaging modality that provides a high-resolution cross-sectional image of the cornea, retina, choroid and optic nerve head, analogous to that of the histological section. Advances in OCT technology in signal detection technique from time-domain (TD) to spectral-domain (SD) detection have given us the potential to study various retinal layers more precisely and in less time.

Erlotinib-associated severe bilateral recalcitrant keratouveitis after corneal EDTA chelation.

Purpose: We report a case of erlotinib-associated severe recalcitrant bilateral keratouveitis after uneventful corneal ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); discontinuation of erlotinib led to complete resolution.

Observations: An elderly person presented with band keratopathy (BSK) of undetermined etiology in the both eyes, associated with foreign body sensation and constant tearing. The patient was on oral erlotinib treatment 150 mg PO daily for 1 year for NSCLC status post radiation therapy.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Retinal Diseases.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new, non-invasive imaging system that generates volumetric data of retinal and choroidal layers. It has the ability to show both structural and blood flow information. Split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) algorithm (a vital component of OCTA software) helps to decrease the signal to noise ratio of flow detection thus enhancing visualization of retinal vasculature using motion contrast.

Capillary nonperfusion by novel technology of OCT angiography in a patient with sickle cell disease with normal fluorescein angiogram.

Purpose: Retinal ischemia is a pathophysiologic feature of sickle cell retinopathy. Inner retinal thinning of retina temporal to the fovea has been reported on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) even though clinical examination is normal and fluorescein angiography (FA) does not show any capillary dropout. In a patient with sickle cell disease with temporal inner retinal thinning on SD-OCT and normal FA, the new technology of OCT angiography (OCTA) showed a corresponding area of nonperfusion.

Bilateral isolated concurrent superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

We describe a case of bilateral consecutive superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis as a presenting feature in a patient previously not known to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A 68-year-old African-American female presented with decreased vision in right eye, mild right orbital tenderness, and frontotemporal headache of 3 days duration. MRI of the orbits confirmed thrombosis of the right superior ophthalmic vein without extension into the cavernous sinus.

Comparison of central corneal thickness: ultrasound pachymetry versus slit-lamp optical coherence tomography, specular microscopy, and Orbscan.

Background: Central corneal thickness (CCT) can be measured by using contact and non-contact methods. Ultrasound pachymetry (US pachymetry) is a contact method for measuring CCT and is perhaps the most commonly used method. However, non-contact methods like scanning slit topography (Orbscan II), slit-lamp optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT), and specular microscopy are also used.

Evaluation of the iPad as a low vision aid for improving reading ability.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the iPad as a low vision aid in improving the reading ability of low vision patients (LVPs).

Methods: In this study, 228 consecutive patients that came for their routine eye care examination at the University of Florida, Jacksonville eye clinic, were enrolled. Patients met inclusion criteria if they had best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/100 or worse in the best corrected eye and were willing to participate in the study.