Update on Wild Poliovirus Type 1 Outbreak - Southeastern Africa, 2021-2022.

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) began in 1988, the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined by >99.99%. Five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions have been certified free of indigenous WPV, and WPV serotypes 2 and 3 have been declared eradicated globally (1).

PCR investigation of infections in patients consulting at a healthcare centre over a four-year period during the Grand Magal of Touba.

Background: Respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and febrile illness are the most common complaints among ill pilgrims attending the Grand Magal of Touba (GMT) in Senegal.

Methods: Patients presenting with respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms or febrile systemic illnesses were recruited between 2018 and 2021 at a healthcare centre close to Touba. Respiratory, gastrointestinal and blood samples were tested for potential pathogens using qPCR.

Quality of care and respect of human rights in mental health services in four West African countries: collaboration between the mental health leadership and advocacy programme and the World Health Organization QualityRights initiative.

Background: Although recent reports suggest that service users in West African psychiatric facilities are exposed to poor quality of care and human rights violations, evidence is lacking on the extent and profile of specific deficits in the services provided to persons with mental health conditions.

Aims: To evaluate the quality of care and respect of human rights in psychiatric facilities in four West African countries, The Gambia, Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone, using the World Health Organization QualityRights Toolkit.

Method: Trained research workers collected information through observation, review of records and interviews with service users, caregivers and staff.

A Survey to Assess Serological Prevalence of Poliovirus Antibodies in Areas With High-Risk for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission in Chad.

Background: World Health Organization African region is wild poliovirus-free; however, outbreaks of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) continue to expand across the continent including in Chad. We conducted a serological survey of polio antibodies in polio high-risk areas of Chad to assess population immunity against poliovirus and estimate the risk of future outbreaks.

Methods: This was a community-based, cross-sectional survey carried out in September 2019.

Response to Poliovirus Outbreaks in the Lake Chad Sub-Region: A GIS Mapping Approach.

The geographic information system (GIS) mapping was used to improve the efficiency of vaccination teams. This paper documents the process in the deployment of geographical information system in response to polio eradication in Chad. It started with a careful review of government official documents as well as review of literature and online resources on Chad, which confirmed that official boundaries existed at two levels, namely Regions and Districts.

Sodium Bicarbonate Versus Sodium Chloride for Preventing Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To test whether hydration with bicarbonate rather than isotonic sodium chloride reduces the risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients.

Design: Prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled study.

Setting: Three French ICUs.

Incidence, morbidity, and mortality of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in a surgical intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Data on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) are scarce and controversial. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of CI-AKI in a surgical ICU.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a 13-month prospective observational study.

[Evaluation of the quality of prescription and dispensing of artemisinin-based therapeutic combinations in the Bamako District, Mali].

The increasingly increasing resistance of the parasites of malaria to chloroquine pushed all the African countries almost to adopt the ACTs like treatment of first intention of uncomplicated malaria. However, correct use of the ACTs proves to be imperative to guarantee their effectiveness and to even delay the spread resistant parasites to these molecules. Thus, we have conducted this study in order to assess the quality of the prescription and the dispensation of ACTs in randomly selected health centers across Bamako.

Comparison of silver-impregnated with standard multi-lumen central venous catheters in critically ill patients.

Objectives: To evaluate a new silver-impregnated multi-lumen central venous catheter for reducing catheter-related colonization in intensive care patients.

Design: Multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study.

Setting: Ten adult intensive care units (multidisciplinary, medical and surgical, university and nonuniversity hospitals) in eight institutions.

L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide-supplemented total parenteral nutrition reduces infectious complications and glucose intolerance in critically ill patients: the French controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.

Objective: Glutamine (Gln)-supplemented total parenteral nutrition (TPN) improves clinical outcome after planned surgery, but the benefits of Gln-TPN for critically ill (intensive care unit; ICU) patients are still debated.

Design: Prospective, double-blind, controlled, randomized trial.

Setting: ICUs in 16 hospitals in France.

Delayed diagnosis of vascular injuries during lumbar discectomy.

We report an accidental perforation of the left iliac artery and vein during lumbar discectomy in the kneeling position. During the surgical procedure, a brief and transient hypotension occurred, although the surgeon did not observe any abnormal bleeding in the operating field. In the recovery room, arterial blood pressure decreased, and tachycardia, pallor, and abdominal pain occurred.

Bile and blood ratios of cyclosporin and its metabolites in patients on continuous infusion during the first three weeks after liver transplantation.

Ten patients with orthotopic liver transplants were investigated during routine therapeutic monitoring to study the relationship between the concentrations of cyclosporin and its metabolites in blood, bile and urine, and whether this information can provide early signs of severe hepatic disorders post-transplantation. Cyclosporin (Sandimmun®) was administered by continuous infusion at a constant rate of 5 mg/kg/day, modified to keep the blood cyclosporin concentration within the target range (400 to 500 μg/L). The concentrations of cyclosporin and combined cyclosporin-metabolites in blood, bile and urine were assayed daily during the 3 post-transplantation weeks that the patients spent in intensive care.

Intrapleural bupivacaine analgesia after thoraco-abdominal incision for oesophagectomy.

Intrapleural bupivacaine administration is said to produce good analgesia for the pain induced by a subcostal incision. However, reports of its efficacy after thoracotomy are conflicting. The goal of this study was to compare the analgesia produced by intrapleural administration of bupivacaine after oesophagectomy using a thoraco-abdominal incision with that obtained from intrapleural saline.

[Multiple-organ procurement for transplantation].

In the last few years, the tremendous growth of clinical transplantations has greatly increased the need for grafts. Combined heart, liver and kidney harvesting in a same donor could provide an answer. The results are presented of multiple organ retrieval (MOR) carried out in an University hospital located in an area with 1,350,000 inhabitants.