Randomized trial of concentrated proanthocyanidins (PAC) for acute reduction of bacteriuria in male veterans with spinal cord injury utilizing clean intermittent catheterization.

Study Design: This study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a concentrated PACs compound (36 mg/capsule), in veterans with SCI and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) requiring intermittent catheterization (IC) over a 15-day period.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of concentrated proanthocyanidins (PACs) in the cranberry supplement ellura® on bacteriuria, leukocyturia, and subjective urine quality in catheter-dependent veterans with SCI.

Setting: Spinal cord injury center (outpatient clinic and inpatient unit).

IFN-γ orchestrates tumor elimination, tumor dormancy, tumor escape, and progression.

Tumor immunoediting consisting of three phases of elimination, equilibrium or dormancy, and escape has been supported by preclinical and clinical data. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which antitumor immune responses regulate these three phases are important for developing highly tailored immunotherapeutics that can control cancer. To this end, IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells, cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in all three phases of tumor immunoediting, as well as during inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis processes.

Intrarenal Adrenocortical Adenoma Treated by Robotic Partial Nephrectomy with Adrenalectomy.

Background: We present an intrarenal adrenocortical adenoma discovered incidentally after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and total adrenalectomy for a suspicious renal mass. Current literature describes the rare occurrence of an adrenocortical adenoma arising from a renal-adrenal fusion. This case represents an uncommon, benign pathology that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an enhancing renal mass.