Associations between SNPs and vegetation indices: unraveling molecular insights for enhanced cultivation of tea plant ( (L.) O. Kuntze).

Background: Breeding programs for nutrient-efficient tea plant varieties could be advanced by the combination of genotyping and phenotyping technologies. This study was aimed to search functional SNPs in key genes related to the nitrogen-assimilation in the collection of tea plant (L.) Kuntze.

Transformation of Tea Plants ( (L.) ): A Small Experiment with Great Prospects.

Tea has historically been one of the most popular beverages, and it is currently an economically significant crop cultivated in over 50 countries. The Northwestern Caucasus is one of the northernmost regions for industrial tea cultivation worldwide. The domestication of the tea plant in this region took approximately 150 years, during which plantations spreading from the Ozurgeti region in northern Georgia to the southern city of Maykop in Russia.

Analysis of Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Leaf Quality in Tea Collection under Nitrogen-Deficient Conditions.

This study discusses the genetic mutations that have a significant association with economically important traits that would benefit tea breeders. The purpose of this study was to analyze the leaf quality and SNPs in quality-related genes in the tea plant collection of 20 mutant genotypes growing without nitrogen fertilizers. Leaf N-content, catechins, L-theanine, and caffeine contents were analyzed in dry leaves via HPLC.

Long-term cold, freezing and drought: overlapping and specific regulatory mechanisms and signal transduction in tea plant ( (L.) Kuntze).

Introduction: Low temperatures and drought are two main environmental constraints reducing the yield and geographical distribution of horticultural crops worldwide. Understanding the genetic crosstalk between stress responses has potential importance for crop improvement.

Methods: In this study, Illumina RNA-seq and Pac-Bio genome resequencing were used to annotate genes and analyze transcriptome dynamics in tea plants under long-term cold, freezing, and drought.

InDel and SCoT Markers for Genetic Diversity Analysis in a Citrus Collection from the Western Caucasus.

Citrus collections from extreme growing regions can be an important source of tolerant germplasms for the breeding of cold-tolerant varieties. However, the efficient utilization of these germplasms requires their genetic background information. Thus, efficient marker systems are necessary for the characterization and identification of valuable accessions.

Recent progress and perspectives on physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance of tea plants.

Tea is one of the most consumed and widely planted beverage plant worldwide, which contains many important economic, healthy, and cultural values. Low temperature inflicts serious damage to tea yields and quality. To cope with cold stress, tea plants have evolved a cascade of physiological and molecular mechanisms to rescue the metabolic disorders in plant cells caused by the cold stress; this includes physiological, biochemical changes and molecular regulation of genes and associated pathways.

Evolutionary Landscape of Tea Circular RNAs and Its Contribution to Chilling Tolerance of Tea Plant.

Chilling stress threatens the yield and distribution pattern of global crops, including the tea plant (), one of the most important cash crops around the world. Circular RNA (circRNA) plays roles in regulating plant growth and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of circRNA and its feedbacks to chilling stress in the tea plant will help to elucidate the vital roles of circRNAs.

Effects of exogenous calcium on the drought response of the tea plant ( (L.) Kuntze).

Background: Drought is one of the major factors reducing the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea crop ( (L.) Kuntze). Calcium participates in most of cellular signaling processes, and its important role in stress detection and triggering a response has been shown in many crops.

Population Analysis of in the Northwestern Caucasus Based on Leaf Morphology and Multilocus DNA Markers.

is the one of the most frost-tolerant species in the genera, used as a rootstock for colder regions. Natural populations of have a fragmented character of distribution in the Northwestern Caucasus, one of the coldest regions of cultivation. To predict the behavior of populations in an extreme environment, it is necessary to investigate the intraspecific genetic diversity and phenotypic variability of populations in the colder regions.

Genetic Diversity and Genome Size Variability in the Russian Genebank Collection of Tea Plant [ (L). O. Kuntze].

The tea collection of the FRC SSC RAS (Sochi, Maykop in Russia) represents one of the northernmost germplasm comprising a number of locally derived cultivars and ɣ-irradiation mutants. The latter are often characterized by larger genome size, which may lead to better adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress. Such genotypes may be a valuable genetic resource for better adaptability to extreme environmental conditions, which could enable tea cultivation outside global growing regions.

Transferability of ISSR, SCoT and SSR Markers for × Ramat and Genetic Relationships Among Commercial Russian Cultivars.

Characterization of genetic diversity in germplasm collections requires an efficient set of molecular markers. We assessed the efficiency of 36 new SCoT markers, 10 new ISSR markers, and 5 microsatellites for the characterization of genetic diversity in chrysanthemum core collection of 95 accessions (Russian and foreign cultivars). Seven new SCoT (SCoT12, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, 34) and six new ISSR markers ((GA)8T, (CT)8G, (CTTCA)3, (GGAGA)3, (TC)8C, (CT)8TG) were efficient for the genetic diversity analysis in × collection.

Genetic Diversity in Diospyros Germplasm in the Western Caucasus Based on SSR and ISSR Polymorphism.

Persimmon germplasm in the Western Caucasus represent one of the most northerly collections. In our study, 51 commercial cultivars of , 3 accessions of and 57 accessions from six geographically distant populations were investigated using 19 microsatellite and 10 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. After STRUCTURE analysis, the single accessions of were allocated to three genetic clusters.

[Comparative analysis of gene expression in tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) under low-temperature stress].

Low-temperature stress is one of the main factors limiting the distribution and reducing the yield of many subtropical crops, including the tea crop. Efficient breeding to develop frost-tolerant cultivars requires a reliable set of genetic markers for identifying resistance donors, and that is why it is necessary to reveal the specific genetic response in frost-tolerant genotypes in comparison with frost- susceptible ones. In this work, we performed a comparative analysis of the expression of 18 tea genes (ICE1, CBF1, DHN1, DHN2, DHN3, NAC17, NAC26, NAC30, bHLH7, bHLH43, P5CS, WRKY2, LOX1, LOX6, LOX7, SnRK1.

Comparative Expression Analysis of Stress-Inducible Candidate Genes in Response to Cold and Drought in Tea Plant [ (L.) Kuntze].

Cold and drought are two of the most severe threats affecting the growth and productivity of the tea plant, limiting its global spread. Both stresses cause osmotic changes in the cells of the tea plant by decreasing their water potential. To develop cultivars that are tolerant to both stresses, it is essential to understand the genetic responses of tea plant to these two stresses, particularly in terms of the genes involved.

Biochemical and Genetic Responses of Tea ( (L.) Kuntze) Microplants under Mannitol-Induced Osmotic Stress In Vitro.

Osmotic stress is a major factor reducing the growth and yield of many horticultural crops worldwide. To reveal reliable markers of tolerant genotypes, we need a comprehensive understanding of the responsive mechanisms in crops. In vitro stress induction can be an efficient tool to study the mechanisms of responses in plants to help gain a better understanding of the physiological and genetic responses of plant tissues against each stress factor.

Physiological, biochemical and genetic responses of Caucasian tea ( (L.) Kuntze) genotypes under cold and frost stress.

Background: Cold and frost are two serious factors limiting the yield of many crops worldwide, including the tea plant (L.) Kuntze). The acclimatization of tea plant from tropical to temperate climate regions resulted in unique germplasm in the North-Western Caucasus with extremely frost-tolerant genotypes.

Characterization of genome-wide genetic variations between two varieties of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and development of InDel markers for genetic research.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) are the major genetic variations and are distributed extensively across the whole plant genome. However, few studies of these variations have been conducted in the long-lived perennial tea plant.

Results: In this study, we investigated the genome-wide genetic variations between Camellia sinensis var.

Comprehensive co-expression analysis provides novel insights into temporal variation of flavonoids in fresh leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis).

Flavonoids are the major class of characteristic secondary compounds in Camellia sinensis that affect quality of tea. However, the temporal variation and the underlying regulatory mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis during different growth months require a further investigation. Here, we combined analyses of the metabolomics and transcriptomics to tea leaves freshly collected during five different months for a comprehensive understanding of flavonoid metabolism regulation in tea plants.

Duplication and transcriptional divergence of three Kunitz protease inhibitor genes that modulate insect and pathogen defenses in tea plant ().

Kunitz protease inhibitors (KPIs) are ubiquitous in plants and act as crucial compounds in defense responses against insect attack and pathogen infection. However, the influence of gene duplication on the postdivergence of the genes involved in biotic stresses in tea plant is not well known. Here, we identified three genes from tea plant () and characterized their expression and evolutionary patterns among plant species.