Identification of Organic Matter Dispersions Based on Light Scattering Matrices Focusing on Soil Organic Matter Management.

The origin of organic matter, its spread, scattering, and functioning are influenced by the physical structure of liquid or dispersed media of organic matter. Refractive indices of fodder yeast grown on paraffin oil (paprin) and natural gas (gaprin) as well as Lycoperdon spore and organelles were measured by laser phase microscopy. The scattering matrices of aqueous suspensions of paprin, gaprin, and Lycoperdon spores were measured using a laser polarimeter with the scattering angle ranging from 20 to 150°.

A spectrometer for ultrashort gamma-ray pulses with photon energies greater than 10 MeV.

We present a design for a pixelated scintillator based gamma-ray spectrometer for non-linear inverse Compton scattering experiments. By colliding a laser wakefield accelerated electron beam with a tightly focused, intense laser pulse, gamma-ray photons up to 100 MeV energies and with few femtosecond duration may be produced. To measure the energy spectrum and angular distribution, a 33 × 47 array of cesium-iodide crystals was oriented such that the 47 crystal length axis was parallel to the gamma-ray beam and the 33 crystal length axis was oriented in the vertical direction.

Experimental Observation of a Current-Driven Instability in a Neutral Electron-Positron Beam.

We report on the first experimental observation of a current-driven instability developing in a quasineutral matter-antimatter beam. Strong magnetic fields (≥1  T) are measured, via means of a proton radiography technique, after the propagation of a neutral electron-positron beam through a background electron-ion plasma. The experimentally determined equipartition parameter of ε_{B}≈10^{-3} is typical of values inferred from models of astrophysical gamma-ray bursts, in which the relativistic flows are also expected to be pair dominated.

[The effect of microgravity on the state of compensation in one-side labyrinthisized newts].

Experiments were performed on newts Pleurodeles waltii subjected to one-side labyrinthectomy 1, 2, 5, and 6 mos prior to a spaceflight on board the orbital complex Mir. Duration of the exposure in microgravity was 8, 31 and 73 days. Destruction of one labyrinth in the newts brought about a number of characteristic reactions, i.

[Interlabyrinthine asymmetry, vestibular dysfunction and space motion sickness].

The data available suggest that a disorder in the labyrinthine paired function can be regarded as a factor responsible for the initiation and development of space motion sickness. This concept is based on the assumption that in the norm the vestibular function is to a certain extent asymmetric which is made for by a compensatory center in the central nervous system. Exposure to an unusual space environment leads to a disorder of this compensation and development of a "new" vestibular asymmetry.

[Human vestibular reactions to galvanic stimulation of the labyrinths].

The development of illusionary movements and oscillations of the total body mass center in response to labyrinthine stimulation by ascending and descending current was investigated in 37 healthy test subjects. The stimulation of each labyrinth separately or both labyrinths by the current of opposite direction caused illusionary sensations of tilts, turns and tumbles in various planes. When the test subjects were on the stabilographic platform, their total body mass center shifted toward the anode.

[Effect of limited mobility on vestibular function].

The hypokinetic effect on the nystagmic reaction and illusory sensations upon caloric and galvanic stimulations of the labyrinths was studied on six test subjects (professional gymnasts). Under normal conditions the sportsmen predominantly showed the nystagmic response to the caloric irritation of the left labyrinth. A 10-day hypokinetic exposure produced a noticeable decrease of the above asymmetric nystagmic reaction to the caloric irritation of both labyrinths.