Sheep erythrocyte demonstrated better effect than IL-2 and IFN-gamma as biological response modifier against glioma in experimental model.

The significant insights into the immunobiology of central nervous system (CNS) and brain tumor have opened up the feasibility of applying 'Immunotherapy' as an alternative to the poor prognosis of malignant brain tumor with conventional therapeutic approaches. Though cytokines like IL-2 and IFN-gamma used against glioma showed some favorable results by eliciting Th1 type immune response, a proper immunotherapeutic agent is still to be searched for. Sheep erythrocyte (SRBC), a corpuscular antigen showed a better therapeutic efficacy in terms of enhanced survival and augmentation of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in a glioma model developed by chemical carcinogen ethyl nitrosourea.

CD2-SLFA3/T11TS interaction facilitates immune activation and glioma regression by apoptosis.

Objective: Exogenous application of T11TS/SLFA3 in glioma model had shown the regression of tumor load through immunopotentiation. The mechanistic module of this interaction on immunological synapse formation and resulting effect in glioma regression is searched for delineating immunotherapeutic efficacy of T11TS.

Methods: After purification of T11TS/SLFA3 from sheep erythrocytes the glycoprotein was characterized by SDS-PAGE analysis and glycoprotein staining.

Differential regulation of the protein tyrosine kinase activity following interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferron gamma (IFN-gamma) and SRBC administration in brain tumor-induced conditions: SRBC acting as a dual potentiator in regulating the cytokine profile.

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) act as an important class of signal transducer in cytokine mediated signaling. Defects in phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of intracellular substrates of the immunocytes are a noted phenomenon in glioma induced immune suppression. Administration of BRMs like Interleukin2 (IL-2), Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and SRBC in glioma induced experimental models, improved their survival status by immune potentiation.

Immunotherapeutic effects of T11TS/S-LFA3 against nitrosocompound mediated neural genotoxicity.

Nitrosocompounds formed by the interaction of nitrites and secondary amines are neurotoxic in human and different rodent species. Human exposure of nitrosocompounds are widespread affected by different modes like nitrite/nitrate preserved foods, beverages like beer, formed in the stomach following uptake of the precursors nitrates, nitrites and secondary amines. The productions of alkylating metabolites during the breakdown of nitrosocompounds are the causative agents for the neurotoxic changes of the neural cells.

Evaluation of anti-tumor property of specific and non-specific BRMs in experimental gioma by assessing the microglial cell functional and phenotypic modulations.

Background: Microglial cells are considered to be the chief immunomodulatory cells of the brain. These cells play a crucial role against various neurodegenerative diseases. When modulated microglia have been shown to exert a potential anti-tumor immune response against brain neoplasms.

Preclinical Changes in Immunoreactivity and Cellular Architecture during the Progressive Development of Intracranial Neoplasms and an Immunotherapeutic Schedule with a Novel Biological Response Modifier, the T11TS / S-LFA3.

Among neoplasms, brain tumors are particularly " difficult to treat" because of the partial immune privileged status of the brain and the presence of the blood brain barrier (Selmaj, 1996). Many details of progressive development of brain tumors remain unexplored and elucidation of consequent changes of the immune system with correlated cellular architecture and cell kinetics were the major objectives of the present course of investigations. Our studies have indicated that the primary resistance by the immune system to a growing tumor declines after a certain point, resulting in an immune suppressed state in a tumor bearing individual.