Microencapsulated Asiatic Pennywort (Centella asiatica) fortified chocolate oat milk beverage: Formulation, polyphenols content, and consumer acceptability.

This study investigated the use of microencapsulated Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica) (CA) as a functional ingredient to formulate a novel chocolate oat milk beverage. The main objectives of the study were to characterize and encapsulate bioactive components from CA and to determine the polyphenol content and sensory properties of the beverage. CA extract was microencapsulated using maltodextrin and gum Arabic as carriers and subsequently freeze-dried to produce microcapsules.

A review of participant recruitment transparency for sound validation of hip surgery simulators: a novel umbrella approach.

Malposition of implants is associated with complications, higher wear and increased revision rates in total hip replacement (THR) along with surgeon inexperience. Training THR residents to reach expert proficiency is affected by the high cost and resource limitations of traditional training techniques. Research in extended reality (XR) technologies can overcome such barriers.

Effects of iodinated contrast on various magnetic resonance imaging sequences and field strength: Implications for characterization of hemorrhagic transformation in acute stroke therapy.

Aim: To characterize the effects of iodinated contrast material (ICM) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) comparing different sequences and magnetic fields, with emphasis to similarities/differences with well-known signal characteristics of hemorrhage in the brain.

Methods: Aliquots of iopamidol and iodixanol mixed with normal saline were scanned at 1.5T and 3T.

Radiation Dose to the Breast by 64-slice CT: Effects of Scanner Model and Study Protocol.

Rationale And Objectives: This work aimed to study the effects of scanner model and study protocol on radiation dose received by breast tissues from 64-slice computed tomography (CT) studies.

Materials And Methods: Four scanner models and three study protocols were used in scanning an anthropomorphic phantom with breast modules. Each protocol follows recommendations or guidelines from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine and the American College of Radiology.

Intravascular irradiation using Re-186 liquid-filled balloon catheters: correlation between experimental and theoretical studies.

Purpose: Optimization of intravascular radiation to reduce stenosis following coronary angioplasty requires the ability to predict the patterns of radiation dose distribution. This investigation evaluated the agreement between Monte Carlo simulations and experimental radiation dose measurements for a radioisotope liquid-filled balloon catheter in a tissue equivalent phantom.

Methods And Materials: Direct measurements of the radiation dose from Re-186 liquid-filled balloons were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and radiochromic film.

MIRD Pamphlet No. 14 revised: A dynamic urinary bladder model for radiation dose calculations. Task Group of the MIRD Committee, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

Unlabelled: The constant-volume urinary bladder model in the standard MIRD Pamphlet No. 5 (Revised) phantom has recognized limitations. Various investigators have developed detailed models incorporating more physiologically realistic features, such as expanding bladder contents and residual volume, and variable urinary input rate, initial volume and first void time.

Rhenium-188(Sn)HEDP for treatment of osseous metastases.

Unlabelled: Rhenium-188 (tin) hydroxyethylidine diphosphonate [188Re(Sn)HEDP] is a new radiopharmaceutical that localizes in skeletal metastases and emits beta particles that may be therapeutically beneficial.

Methods: It was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo testing in the laboratory, in animals and in humans using 188Re from a variety of sources. It may be produced by a desk-top method developed previously for 186Re(Sn)HEDP using 188Re produced through neutron irradiation of either enriched 187Re or naturally occurring rhenium targets or the use of a 188W/188Re generator.

Dosimetric considerations in the radioiodine treatment of macrometastases and micrometastases from differentiated thyroid cancer.

When macrometastases are delineated clearly using current radiographic techniques and/or physical examination and can be shown to concentrate 131I, the therapeutic activity to be administered may be determined quantitatively. Administrations of 131I that will deliver 30,000 rad to residual thyroid tissue or 10,000 +/- 2,000 rad to lymph node metastases will ablate them successfully 80% of the time, and bone marrow depression that is severe enough to require specialized treatment will be avoided if the whole blood dose from a single administration does not exceed 200 rad. When micrometastases are detected only by diagnostic radioiodine imaging and/or elevations of serum thyroglobulin levels, and when a clinical decision is made to treat them with radioiodine, then 131I may not be the isotope choice.

Application of a 3D volume 19F MR imaging protocol for mapping oxygen tension (pO2) in perfluorocarbons at low field.

A limited flip angle gradient-echo 3D volume acquisition imaging protocol for mapping partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) at low field (0.14 T) is presented. The PO2 measurement method is based on the paramagnetic effect of dissolved molecular oxygen (O2) which reduces the PFC 19F T1.

In vivo PO2 imaging in the porcine model with perfluorocarbon F-19 NMR at low field.

Quantitative pO2 imaging in vivo has been evaluated utilizing F-19 NMR in the porcine model at 0.14 T for the lungs, liver, and spleen following i.p.

A Monte Carlo simulation model for radiation dose to metastatic skeletal tumor from rhenium-186(Sn)-HEDP.

Unlabelled: A Monte Carlo model has been developed for simulation of dose delivery to skeletal metastases by the bone surface-seeking radiopharmaceutical 186Re (Sn)-HEDP.

Methods: The model simulates: (1) the heterogeneous small scale geometry of the soft tissue/bone-spicule structure in the lesions as determined by histomorphometric measurements of histologic specimens, (2) the small scale spatial distribution of the radiopharmaceutical on the lesion bone spicule surface as determined by autoradiography, and (3) the 186Re beta and conversion electron decay spectrum and the associated charged particle transport within the modeled geometries. The results are compared with the commonly employed uniform lesion model, which assumes: (1) homogeneous lesion morphology, (2) uniform distribution of radioactivity within the lesion, and (3) complete energy deposition by charged particles within the lesion due to decay of this activity.

Evaluation of the influence of the aqueous phase bioconstituent environment on the F-19 T1 of perfluorocarbon blood substitute emulsions.

Oxygen-sensitive F-19 magnetic resonance imaging of perfluorocarbon compounds requires that fluorocarbon T1 changes correlate with the local PO2 and not with the composition of the surrounding aqueous phase. The influence of various bioconstituents and paramagnetic ions within the aqueous phase on the F-19 fluorocarbon phase T1 for PFC emulsions was evaluated at 0.14 and 0.

Implementation of a modified birdcage resonator for 19F/1H MRI at low fields (0.14 T).

Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance of perfluorinated blood substitute materials provides a method for determination of oxygen tension (pO2) in vivo. Use of a double resonant 19F/1H radio frequency coil allows convenient correlation between the high resolution anatomic presentation of proton images and the fluorine distribution. However, quantitative 19F measurements require an RF coil with good H1 field homogeneity over the image volume and a high quality factor (Q) to minimize errors caused by the low signal-to-noise levels available in in vivo imaging and image nonuniformities introduced by the large chemical shift of fluorocarbons.

Quantitative pO2 imaging in vivo with perfluorocarbon F-19 NMR: tracking oxygen from the airway through the blood to organ tissues.

The physiological redistribution of perfluorocarbon (PFC) compounds to liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lung after intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (IP) administration of PFC emulsions affords the unique opportunity for non-invasive monitoring of oxygenation status of these organs and tissues utilizing fluorine (F-19) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging techniques.

Predictive estimate of blood dose from external counting data preceding radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer.

Bone marrow depression following 131I therapy for metastatic thyroid cancer can occur in up to one-quarter of all patients so treated. An analysis was made of the 131I whole body (WB) retention and its relationship to activity in blood for 46 patients (45 adult, 1 adolescent in 49 total studies) to define the accuracy of utilizing WB external counting data as a predictor of blood dose in comparison to the more classical method which requires data from sequential blood samples. The mean percentage differences between blood dose estimates based on external WB counting and those calculated by the classical method lie within +/- 10%.

MIRD Pamphlet No. 14: a dynamic urinary bladder model for radiation dose calculations.

The constant-volume urinary bladder model in the standard MIRD phantom has recognized limitations. Various investigators have developed detailed models incorporating more physiologically realistic features such as expanding bladder contents and residual volume, and variable urinary input rate, initial volume and first void time. We have reviewed these published models and have developed a new model incorporating these factors.

Quantitation of perfluorocarbon blood substitutes in tissues using F-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

F-19 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to quantitate the biodistribution of perfluorocarbon (PFC) blood substitutes in porcine tissues following intraperitoneal administration of a 20% w/v perfluorotributylamine (FC-43) based emulsion. PFC tissue concentrations were determined for spleen, liver and lung tissues from juvenile pigs ranging in weight from 12 to 15 kg. Typical average values (mmoles FC-43/gram tissue) ranged from 0.

Rhenium-186 hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate for the treatment of painful osseous metastases.

Rhenium-186 (tin)hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is a new radiopharmaceutical that localizes in skeletal metastases in patients with advanced cancer. A single intravenous administration of approximately 34 mCi (1,258 MBq) resulted in significant improvement in pain in 33 of 43 evaluable patients (77%) following the initial injection, and in 7 of 14 evaluable patients (50%) following a second treatment. Patients responding to treatment experienced an average decrease in pain of about 60%, with one in five treatments resulting in a complete resolution of pain.

Rhenium-186(Sn)HEDP for treatment of painful osseous metastases: results of a double-blind crossover comparison with placebo.

Rhenium-186 (tin) hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is a new radiopharmaceutical that simultaneously localizes in multiple skeletal metastases in patients with advanced cancer. A single intravenous administration of 30-35 mCi (1110-1295 MBq) is associated with a prompt, significant relief of osseous pain in about 80% of such patients. The efficacy of this new compound was evaluated further by utilizing a double-blind crossover comparison with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) as a radioactive placebo.

Magnetic resonance imaging of rat brain following in vivo disruption of the cerebral vasculature.

Intravenous administration of hyperosmotic mannitol into rats produced a disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This was visualized by T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging following intravenous administration of the MR contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Following administration of the Gd-DTPA there was an increase in signal intensity corresponding to the cerebral cortex.

The modification of specific absorption rates in interstitial microwave hyperthermia via tissue-equivalent material bolus.

Patterns of specific absorption rates generated by interstitial, microwave antenna arrays must be experimentally ascertained and quantified to facilitate their clinical incorporation. Phantom studies involved the use of four single-gap, coaxial antennas oriented in a 2 cm square array. These dipoles were driven in phase by a microwave generator at a frequency of 915 MHz.

T1 and T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of excitotoxin lesions and neural transplants in rat brain in vivo.

On T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained at 0.14 T the rat brain was visible in the rat head as an area of relative high signal intensity. The enlarged lateral ventricles produced by intrastriatal injections of the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) were clearly visible as areas of low signal intensity in T1-weighted images but could not be differentiated from normal brain tissue on T2-weighted images for the protocols utilized.

Re-186(Sn) HEDP for treatment of painful osseous metastases: initial clinical experience in 20 patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer.

Rhenium-186(tin) hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is a new radiopharmaceutical that localizes in areas of osseous metastases in a manner similar to that of standard bone-scanning agents. It also emits beta particles with sufficient energy to be therapeutically useful. A single intravenous injection of about 33 mCi (1,221 MBq) was given to each of 20 elderly patients with advanced skeletal metastases from hormonally resistant prostate cancer.

A magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent differentiates between the vascular properties of fetal striatal tissue transplants and gliomas in rat brain in vivo.

The tumors formed by rat C-6 glioma cells were isointense with the normal rat brain on precontrast T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Following i.v.

Magnetic resonance imaging of rat brain following kainic acid-induced lesions and fetal striatal tissue transplants.

Use of a small diameter (5.1 cm) radiofrequency coil provided relatively high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of rat heads at 0.14 Tesla.