Attitudes of general dental practitioners towards the hepatitis B vaccine.

A postal survey of 295 general dental practitioners (GDP's) in the Greater Glasgow Area Health Board was undertaken to assess their acceptance and attitudes towards the plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. Only 17% of the 144 dental practitioners who responded to the questionnaire had received the vaccine. Practitioners' reservations concerning their acceptance of the vaccine ranged from fear of side effects including AIDS, high cost and fear of recognition as a hepatitis B carrier.

Carriage of Candida species in the oral cavity in diabetic patients: relationship to glycaemic control.

To study the possible relationship between the quality of glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus and the carriage of Candida species, the candidal carrier status of 412 diabetic patients was examined using an oral rinse technique and correlated with measurements of random blood glucose and total glycosylated haemoglobin. Candida was isolated in 210 diabetics (51%) with 13 patients (6%) carrying more than one species. The positive isolates were: Candida albicans (89%), Candida krusei (2.

Comparison of Sabouraud dextrose and Pagano-Levin agar media for detection and isolation of yeasts from oral samples.

The sensitivities of Sabouraud dextrose agar and modified Pagano-Levin agar for the primary isolation of yeasts and the recovery of multiple yeast species from single clinical samples were compared by using oral-rinse samples. Although there was a highly significant positive correlation between the numbers of yeasts recovered from both media, modified Pagano-Levin agar was far superior in detecting multiple yeast species in a single sample. Of 150 oral samples containing yeasts, 23 (15.

Acute suppurative parotitis in outpatients: microbiologic and posttreatment sialographic findings.

The presenting clinical features of twenty-seven cases of acute suppurative parotitis seen in the Oral Medicine Unit, Glasgow Dental Hospital, between 1975 and 1985 are reviewed. The microbiologic findings plus the management and subsequent findings on sialography after recovery are summarized. Of the microorganisms isolated, alpha-hemolytic streptococci predominated, with many other bacteria similar in range to those reported in previous studies.

A new simple method for biotyping Candida albicans.

A simple method which allows rapid, reproducible biotyping of Candida albicans isolates, and is suitable for use in any diagnostic medical microbiology laboratory is described. This system comprises three tests, the API ZYM system, the API 20C system, and a plate test for resistance to boric acid. The system differentiated a possible 234 biotypes, of which 33 were found amongst the 130 isolates of C.

Phospholipase activity as a criterion for biotyping Candida albicans.

The phospholipase activity of 100 oral isolates of Candida albicans was determined by a plate assay. 94% of the C. albicans isolates were phospholipase producers with varying degrees of activity ranging from Pz values of 0.

A comparison of oral rinse and imprint sampling techniques for the detection of yeast, coliform and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the oral cavity.

The sensitivity of the impression culture, the neat rinse culture (NRC) and the concentrated rinse culture (CRC) methods in detecting the oral carriage of yeasts, coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus was estimated in 75 individuals. The recovery of organisms from the imprint cultures of the tongue and the CRC was similar and there was highly significant positive correlation between the two techniques. The CRC was simple to perform, equally sensitive and superior in quantifying yeast, coliform and S.

A comparison of the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate, amphotericin B and nystatin on the adherence of Candida species to denture acrylic.

Pretreatment of denture acrylic with nystatin, amphotericin B and chlorhexidine gluconate significantly reduced the subsequent adherence of Candida species to acrylic, although chlorhexidine and nystatin were more effective than amphotericin B. The duration of chlorhexidine-mediated inhibition of adherence (up to 19 days) was much longer than that of amphotericin B (24 h) or nystatin (48 h). Exposure of stationary-phase cells of Candida species for a short period to sublethal concentrations of chlorhexidine, or growth of Candida species with sublethal concentrations of chlorhexidine for 24 h resulted in a reduction in the ability of the yeasts to adhere to denture acrylic.

Effect of saliva and serum on the adherence of Candida species to chlorhexidine-treated denture acrylic.

The effect of saliva and serum on the adherence of five strains of Candida albicans and one each of C. tropicalis and C. glabrata to chlorhexidine-pretreated acrylic was measured in vitro.

Growth and acid production of Candida species in human saliva supplemented with glucose.

Growth characteristic and acid production of oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in glucose supplemented and glucose-free, pooled, human whole saliva were examined. Both Candida species exhibited sigmoidal growth curves in batch cultures of mixed saliva, supplemented with glucose. The growth of Candida in saliva was accompanied by a rapid decline in pH from 7.

Biotypes of oral Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis isolates.

213 oral isolates of Candida albicans and 62 isolates of C. tropicalis were tested for their hydrolytic enzyme profiles with the API ZYM system. One major biotype accounted for more than 50% of the isolates and a number of minor biotypes was recognized in both Candida species.

Nutritional factors and oral candidosis.

A variety of nutritional factors including deficiencies of iron, folic acid, vitamins, and diets rich in carbohydrates have been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral candidal infections. The following reviews the growing body of data, from in vivo and in vitro studies, related to each of these implicated factors. Although much disagreement exists as to the specific roles played by these individual factors, there is little doubt that nutritional factors either acting locally or via systemic mechanisms could significantly affect the pathogenesis of oral candidoses.

Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on the adherence of Candida species to denture acrylic.

The effect of pretreatment of denture acrylic with chlorhexidine gluconate on the subsequent adherence of Candida albicans GDH 2346 was measured in vitro. Adherence was significantly reduced by pretreatment with chlorhexidine; maximal inhibition was achieved by incubation at room temperature for 30 min in 2% chlorhexidine. Inhibition of adherence was greatest when the organisms were grown in conditions that enhanced adherence the most, i.