Simulate permeable reactive barrier by using a COMSOL model and comparison with the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson and Clark models for CR dye remediation by composite adsorbent (sewage and waterworks sludge).

The remediation of Congo Red (CR) dye by the synthetic sorbent composited from sewage and waterworks sludge was studied in batch and continuous experiments. The continuous experiments studied the composite synthetic after mixing with composite synthetic sorbent filter (CSF) glass waste to increase the hydraulic conductivity of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB). The synthetic composite sorbent was characterised by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.