A multiparametric and orthogonal approach indicates low toxicity for zein nanoparticles in a repellent formulation.

The incidence of viruses such as Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya affects human health worldwide, and insect repellents are recommended for individual protection. Formulations incorporating nanotechnology should be carefully assessed for toxicity, particularly regarding the security levels established for human health and the environment. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of a repellent formulation containing zein nanoparticles (NP) loading geraniol (Ger) and icaridin (Ica) in three cell lines: NIH/3T3, HaCaT, and SIRC.

Bioinformatic Estimation of DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation Proportions.

Simultaneous measurement of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) at the single-nucleotide level can be obtained by combining data from DNA processing methods including traditional bisulfite (BS), oxidative bisulfite (oxBS), or Tet-assisted (TAB) bisulfite conversion. Array-based technologies have been widely used in this task, due to their time and cost efficiency. For methylation studies using BS data, many protocols and related packages have been suggested in the literature to deal with limitations and confounders that arise from array data.