Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathophysiology of UC is complicated and involves several factors including immune, genetic, and environmental factors. Recently, a huge amount of research has concentrated on the role of interleukins including interleukin-6 (IL-6) in its pathophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe prevalence of HCV infection in Egypt has decreased following the introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapy. However, treatment response is influenced by various factors, particularly host immunogenetics such as IL-28B and FOXP3 polymorphisms. The current study examined the impact of SNPs in the FOXP3 gene promoter region on HCV-infected Egyptian patients, along with SNPs in the IL28B gene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe exquisite balance between cellular prosurvival and death pathways is extremely necessary for homeostasis. Different forms of programmed cell death have been widely studied and reported such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic process important for normal cellular functioning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently regarded as the twenty-first century's plague accounting for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides its reported symptoms affecting the respiratory tract, it was found to alter several metabolic pathways inside the body. Nanoparticles proved to combat viral infections including COVID-19 to demonstrate great success in developing vaccines based on mRNA technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDoxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent used in many types of malignancies. However, its use results in testicular damage. DOX-induced testicular damage results in low level of serum testosterone which may affect cognitive function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent treatments for Parkinson's Disease (PD) only provide symptomatic relief; however, they don't delay the disease progression, hence new treatment options should be considered. Carvedilol is a nonselective β & α1 blocker with additional effects as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuro protective properties. In this research, an insilico study was conducted to primarily evaluate carvedilol as an anti-parkinsonian and anti-tau protein target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objective: Tauopathy is a group of neurodegenerative diseases in which the pathogenesis processes are related to tau protein. The imbalances between the activities of kinases and phosphatases of tau protein lead to tau hyperphosphorylation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Numerous studies suggest a strong linkage between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTauopathy is a term that has been used to represent a pathological condition in which hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates in neurons and glia which results in neurodegeneration, synapse loss and dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Recently, drug repositioning strategy (DRS) becomes a promising field and an alternative approach to advancing new treatments from actually developed and FDA approved drugs for an indication other than the indication it was originally intended for. This paradigm provides an advantage because the safety of the candidate compound has already been established, which abolishes the need for further preclinical safety testing and thus substantially reduces the time and cost involved in progressing of clinical trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEphedrine, a sympathomimetic amine that exhibits several adrenaline actions, is a plant alkaloid that is a common ingredient in several cold, asthma and narcolepsy treatment preparations, and in obesity management and sport medicine. Its principal action mechanism relies on its direct adrenergic actions as well as indirect role that involves the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, thus increasing the activity of epinephrine and norepinephrine at the postsynaptic α and β receptors. Nevertheless, its serious side effects, including stroke, heart attack, drug abuse and interactions, have never been comprehensively reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeripheral neurotoxicity is a dose-limiting and a potentially lifelong persistent toxicity of cisplatin. This study investigated the possible protective effect of piceatannol (PIC) in a model of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. PIC (10 mg/kg, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDoxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely used for the treatment of several malignancies. Despite its effectiveness, DOX has been implicated in induced neurotoxicity manifested as cognitive dysfunction with varying degrees, commonly referred to as chemobrain. DOX-induced chemobrain is presumed to be due to cytokine-induced inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic responses damaging the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe study was designed to investigate the potential anti-arthritic effects of methyl palmitate in an adjuvant arthritis model in rats that shares many histopathological similarities with human RA. The underlying mechanism and its effect on CD68 macrophages were investigated, as a further argument to its possible efficacy in RA treatment. A normal control group was injected only with saline, arthritic group, and three treatment groups with CFA induced arthritis received methyl palmitate (MP) at three different doses (75, 150, 300 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks, intraperitoneal).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany cancer patients treated with chemotherapy develop chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), often referred to as chemo-brain, which manifest during or post-treatment with variable degrees, onset and duration thereby affecting the patients' quality of life. Several chemotherapeutic agents have been studied to determine its possible association with cognitive impairment and to fully comprehend their contribution to CICI. A vast number of studies have emerged proposing several candidate underlying mechanisms and etiologies contributing to CICI such as direct neurotoxicity, BBB disruption, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, white matter abnormalities, secondary neuro-inflammatory response and increased oxidative stress; however, the exact underlying mechanisms are still not well defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative autoimmune disease. MS is a devastating disorder that is characterized by cognitive and motor deficits. Cuprizone-induced demyelination is the most widely experimental model used for MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemobrain is a well-established clinical syndrome that impairs patient's daily function, in particular attentiveness, coordination and multi-tasking. Thus, it interferes with patient's quality of life. The putative pharmacological intervention against chemobrain relies on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver fibrosis is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, with a major global public health concern. Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4), is classically used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and improves insulin resistance. Additional potential influences of linagliptin on liver fibrosis are still unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the hepatocyte in the absence of alcohol intake. Untreated NAFLD is expected to progress into liver fibrosis. Cranberry is rich in polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most widespread urological disorder among elderly men. It is influenced by several factors, among which is the prostatic renin angiotensin system (RAS). Prostatic RAS activates several signaling pathways as proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis that contribute to BPH development and progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF