Developing Topics.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) often coincides with cognitive decline, impacting antidepressant treatment outcomes. Investigating the genetic profile of cognitive function and its association with antidepressant response in individuals with LLD is crucial.

Method: In the Incomplete Response in Late-Life Depression: Getting to Remission (IRL-GRey) study, 307 older adults with major depressive disorder underwent 12-week venlafaxine treatment.

Polygenic score analyses on antidepressant response in late-life depression, results from the IRL-GRey study.

Late-life depression (LLD) is often accompanied by medical comorbidities such as psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases, posing challenges to antidepressant treatment. Recent studies highlighted significant associations between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and polygenic risk score (PRS) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults as well as a negative association between antidepressant symptom improvement with both schizophrenia and bipolar. Here, we sought to validate these findings with symptom remission in LLD.

Mapping Epigenetic Gene Variant Dynamics: Comparative Analysis of Frequency, Functional Impact and Trait Associations in African and European Populations.

Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression levels, impact organismal traits, and play a role in the development of diseases. Therefore, variants in genes involved in epigenetic processes are likely to be important in disease susceptibility, and the frequency of variants may vary between populations with African and European ancestries. Here, we analyse an integrated dataset to define the frequencies, associated traits, and functional impact of epigenetic gene variants among individuals of African and European ancestry represented in the UK Biobank.

Integrative Genetic Variation, DNA Methylation, and Gene Expression Analysis of Escitalopram and Aripiprazole Treatment Outcomes in Depression: A CAN-BIND-1 Study.

Introduction: Little is known about the interplay between genetics and epigenetics on antidepressant treatment (1) response and remission, (2) side effects, and (3) serum levels. This study explored the relationship among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA methylation (DNAm), and mRNA levels of four pharmacokinetic genes, , , , and , and its effect on these outcomes.

Methods: The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression-1 dataset consisted of 177 individuals with major depressive disorder treated for 8 weeks with escitalopram (ESC) followed by 8 weeks with ESC monotherapy or augmentation with aripiprazole.

A Novel Validated Real-World Dataset for the Diagnosis of Multiclass Serous Effusion Cytology according to the International System and Ground-Truth Validation Data.

Introduction: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in serous fluid cytology is lacking due to the deficiency in standardized publicly available datasets. Here, we develop a novel public serous effusion cytology dataset. Furthermore, we apply AI algorithms on it to test its diagnostic utility and safety in clinical practice.

Pathological causes of sudden death in autopsied children with reference to peculiar findings: An Egyptian perspective.

Childhood is a long period extending up to the age of 18 years. Childhood encompasses different developmental stages; each stage has specific characteristics. This 5-year study included 244 autopsied children who died unexpectedly due to natural causes.

A primer on the use of machine learning to distil knowledge from data in biological psychiatry.

Applications of machine learning in the biomedical sciences are growing rapidly. This growth has been spurred by diverse cross-institutional and interdisciplinary collaborations, public availability of large datasets, an increase in the accessibility of analytic routines, and the availability of powerful computing resources. With this increased access and exposure to machine learning comes a responsibility for education and a deeper understanding of its bases and bounds, borne equally by data scientists seeking to ply their analytic wares in medical research and by biomedical scientists seeking to harness such methods to glean knowledge from data.

Influence of , , and Gene Variants and Serum Levels of Escitalopram and Aripiprazole on Treatment-Emergent Sexual Dysfunction: A Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression 1 (CAN-BIND 1) Study.

Objectives: Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction is frequently reported by individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) on antidepressants, which negatively impacts treatment adherence and efficacy. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in pharmacokinetic genes encoding cytochrome-P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, and , and the transmembrane efflux pump, P-glycoprotein (i.e.

Exploratory genome-wide analyses of cortical inhibition, facilitation, and plasticity in late-life depression.

Late-life depression (LLD) is a heterogenous mood disorder influenced by genetic factors. Cortical physiological processes such as cortical inhibition, facilitation, and plasticity may be markers of illness that are more strongly associated with genetic factors than the clinical phenotype. Thus, exploring the relationship between genetic factors and these physiological processes may help to characterize the biological mechanisms underlying LLD and improve diagnosis and treatment selection.

Polygenic risk scores analyses of psychiatric and metabolic traits with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia: an exploratory study.

Given the polygenic nature of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG), we investigated whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for various psychiatric and metabolic traits were associated with AIWG. We included individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) of European ancestry from two cohorts (N = 151, age = 40.3 ± 11.

Genomic Investigation of Remission and Relapse of Psychotic Depression Treated with Sertraline plus Olanzapine: The STOP-PD II Study.

Introduction: Little is known regarding genetic factors associated with treatment outcome of psychotic depression. We explored genomic associations of remission and relapse of psychotic depression treated with pharmacotherapy.

Methods: Genomic analyses were performed in 171 men and women aged 18-85 years with an episode of psychotic depression who participated in the Study of the Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression II (STOP-PD II).

A genome-wide association study identifies distinct variants associated with pulmonary function among European and African ancestries from the UK Biobank.

Pulmonary function is an indicator of well-being, and pulmonary pathologies are the third major cause of death worldwide. We analysed the UK Biobank genome-wide association summary statistics of pulmonary function for Europeans and individuals of recent African descent to identify variants associated with the trait in the two ancestries. Here, we show 627 variants in Europeans and 3 in Africans associated with three pulmonary function parameters.

Pharmacogenetics of Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia.

Antipsychotics are the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia. There is large variability between individuals in their response to antipsychotics, both in efficacy and adverse effects of treatment. While the source of interindividual variability in antipsychotic response is not completely understood, genetics is a major contributing factor.

Relating Global and Local Connectome Changes to Dementia and Targeted Gene Expression in Alzheimer's Disease.

Networks are present in many aspects of our lives, and networks in neuroscience have recently gained much attention leading to novel representations of brain connectivity. The integration of neuroimaging characteristics and genetics data allows a better understanding of the effects of the gene expression on brain structural and functional connections. The current work uses whole-brain tractography in a longitudinal setting, and by measuring the brain structural connectivity changes studies the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease.

Drug response in association with pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics: towards a better personalized medicine.

Researchers have long been presented with the challenge imposed by the role of genetic heterogeneity in drug response. For many years, Pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics has been investigating the influence of an individual's genetic background to drug response and disposition. More recently, the human gut microbiome has proven to play a crucial role in the way patients respond to different therapeutic drugs and it has been shown that by understanding the composition of the human microbiome, we can improve the drug efficacy and effectively identify drug targets.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Brain Connectivity Changes for Alzheimer's Disease.

Variations in the human genome have been found to be an essential factor that affects susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci that significantly contribute to the risk of Alzheimers. The availability of genetic data, coupled with brain imaging technologies have opened the door for further discoveries, by using data integration methodologies and new study designs.

Multi-stage Association Analysis of Glioblastoma Gene Expressions with Texture and Spatial Patterns.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Glioblastoma heterogeneous neuroimaging, pathologic, and molecular features provide opportunities for subclassification, prognostication, and the development of targeted therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging has the capability of quantifying specific phenotypic imaging features of these tumors.

A multi-scenario genome-wide medical population genetics simulation framework.

Motivation: Recent technological advances in high-throughput sequencing and genotyping have facilitated an improved understanding of genomic structure and disease-associated genetic factors. In this context, simulation models can play a critical role in revealing various evolutionary and demographic effects on genomic variation, enabling researchers to assess existing and design novel analytical approaches. Although various simulation frameworks have been suggested, they do not account for natural selection in admixture processes.

Role of Cardiac Myocytes Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein Depletion (H-FABP) in Early Myocardial Infarction in Human Heart (Autopsy Study).

Background: Many immunohistochemical markers have been used in the postmortem detection of early myocardial infarction.

Aim: In the present study we examined the role of Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), in the detection of early myocardial infarction.

Material And Methods: We obtained samples from 40 human autopsy hearts with/without histopathological signs of ischemia.

Role of glypican-3 immunocytochemistry in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma of the liver utilizing fine needle aspiration cytology.

Purpose: Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of glypican3 (GPC3) in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic carcinomas of the liver in cell block material.

Patients And Methods: Sixty cell blocks were prepared from liver FNAs performed in the radiodiagnosis department, National Cancer Institute, in the period between August 2011 and May 2012. Cases diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma, or metastatic carcinoma were included in the study.

Immunohistochemical study of CD99 and EMA expression in ependymomas.

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a unique, heterogeneous population of neoplasms and include both benign and malignant tumors. The present study was carried out on a total of 79 archival cases of ependymal tumors in addition to a variety of other primary CNS tumors. The study entailed the use of CD99 monoclonal antibody and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA).