Placental malperfusion in response to intrauterine inflammation and its connection to fetal sequelae.

Exposure to intrauterine inflammation (IUI) is associated with short- and long-term adverse perinatal outcomes. However, little data exist on utilizing placenta to prognosticate fetal injury in this scenario. Our study aimed to utilize imaging modalities to evaluate mechanisms contributing to placental injury following IUI exposure and correlated it to concomitant fetal brain injury.

A study of ghrelin and leptin levels and their relationship to metabolic profiles in obese and lean Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most frequently encountered hormonal pathologies in women during their reproductive years. Leptin and ghrelin, peptide hormones with adipostatic and orexigenic effect, respectively, seem to be involved in the metabolic changes that occur in PCOS. The aim of this study was to determine serum ghrelin and leptin levels in obese and lean Saudi women with PCOS and to investigate their relationship to the metabolic profiles in these women.

Variant of the coracobrachialis muscle with a tunnel for the median nerve and brachial artery.

This case report documents a variation in the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle of the right arm of an adult male cadaver of unknown age. In addition to the normal insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle into the middle of the medial border of the humerus, an additional slender tendon passed inferiorly, crossing anterior to the median nerve and brachial artery before attaching to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Most of the proximal part of the tendon gave rise to an aponeurotic expansion that inserted into the distal medial border of the humerus.

Variations in the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.

Reports that describe abnormalities of the muscles and tendons of the leg and foot are important with regard to understanding the function of the lower limb and correlating these abnormalities with the clinical aspects. Variations in the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus muscle were studied in 60 adult human cadavers. Three different patterns of insertion were noticed.