Premix versus On-Demand Workflow Models in a Veterans Affairs Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy: Impact on Estimated Waste Costs and Patient Wait Time.

The balance between reducing patient wait time and mitigating waste of parenteral products has not been well described in literature. Evaluate the patient wait times and cost-effectiveness of employing a premix versus an on-demand workflow model for compounding parenteral admixtures in a hematology/oncology infusion setting. This single center, retrospective cost analysis compiled manually documented monthly waste reports and estimated drug pricing for the institution to calculate the cost of waste during both premix and on-demand compounding workflows.

Polypharmacy prevalence in older adults seen in United States physician offices from 2009 to 2016.

Background/objectives: With an aging population suffering from increased prevalence of chronic conditions in the United States (U.S.), a large portion of these patients are on multiple medications.

Infants' understanding of actions performed by mechanical devices.

Recent research suggests that 9-month-old infants tested in a modified version of the A-not-B search task covertly imitate actions performed by the experimenter. The current study examines whether infants also simulate actions performed by mechanical devices, and whether this varies with whether or not they have been familiarized with the devices and their function. In Experiment 1, infants observed hiding and retrieving actions performed by a pair of mechanical claws on the A-trials, and then searched for the hidden toy on the B-trial.