Illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults with impairments in the US: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use And Health.

Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to compare the degree to which adolescents and adults with and without impairments in the US engage in illicit drug use.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2022 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Impairment status (mobility, cognitive, hearing, vision, self-care, and communication impairments), illicit drug use (cocaine, crack, heroin, hallucinogens, LSD, ecstasy and molly, inhalants, and methamphetamine), and demographic variables were measured using self-report.

Associations between 24-h movement guidelines compliance and anxiety and depression among youth receiving special education services in the US.

Background: Youth with disabilities are five times more likely to experience anxiety or depression than peers without disabilities. Engagement in sufficient daily physical activity (PA), adequate nightly sleep, and limited daily screen time (collectively known as 24-h movement guidelines) is associated with lower odds of anxiety and depression for peers without disabilities. Extending the investigation of these modifiable behaviors to youth with disabilities is warranted.

U.S. Physical Activity Para Report Card for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities.

The U.S. Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth has tracked 10 physical activity (PA) indicators common to the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix since 2014.

Evidence of item bias in a national flourishing measure for autistic youth.

Flourishing is a positive health indicator that aligns with strengths-based perspectives and measures within autism research. Flourishing indicators were recently included in the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) and have been used to evidence disparities in flourishing experienced by autistic children compared to non-autistic peers. Yet, little has been done to examine the utility of standard flourishing items for this population.

US adults with visual impairments meeting 24-h movement guidelines: Updated national prevalence estimates.

Background: Despite known benefits of engaging in recommended amounts of physical activity (PA), sleep, and sedentary behavior (SB), little is known about how adults with visual impairments (VIs) meet these guidelines in isolation or simultaneously.

Objective: This study estimated (a) the prevalence of US adults with VIs who are partially or fully meeting the 24-h movement guidelines, and (b) the differential contribution of work-related, leisure, and transportation to total time accrued for PA.

Methods: A cross-sectional sample of adults with VIs (n = 466) was drawn from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2018 combined datasets.

24-Hour Movement Behaviors Among US Adults With Functional Disabilities.

This study aimed to quantify and compare physical activity, sitting time, and sleep behaviors among US adults with and without disabilities using the 2020 Canadian 24-hour movement framework. The weighted prevalence of 24-hour movement guideline adherence was estimated among a nationally representative sample from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of US adults (18-65 years old) with (n = 1070) and without (n = 33,370) functional disabilities in vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, and self-care domains. The adjusted odds of single and combination guideline compliance were estimated by disability type, in reference to adults without disabilities, using separate multivariable logistic regressions.

Exploring the Interaction of Disability Status and Childhood Predictors of Physical Activity and Sport Participation: An Exploratory Decision-Tree Analysis.

A secondary data analysis of 33,093 children and adolescents age 6-17 years (12% with disabilities) from a 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health nonrepresentative sample aimed to identify (a) unique clusters of sociodemographic characteristics and (b) the relative importance of disability status in predicting participation in daily physical activity (PA) and sports. Exploratory classification tree analyses identified hierarchical predictors of daily PA and sport participation separately. Disability status was not a primary predictor of daily PA.

Physical Activity, Medical Home, and Health Behavior Counseling Among Adolescents with Special Health Care Needs: NSCH 2016-2017.

Objectives: Aim 1 was to establish updated prevalence estimates for meeting national physical activity (PA) guidelines among adolescents with and without special healthcare needs (SHCN), 12-17 years old. To identify at-risk subgroups, our sub-aim was to compare the distribution of prevalence estimates across PA levels by SHCN subtypes, and in reference to peers without SHCN. Aim 2 was to examine the association between meeting PA guidelines, having a medical home, and receiving positive health behavior counseling in this population.

Item development, internal consistency, and known-groups validity of the Self-Directed Mobility Scale.

Purpose: The aims of the current study include to: (1) describe the item development; and (2) begin the process of establishing the internal consistency and known-groups validity of the Self-Directed Mobility Scale. The purpose of the scale is to assess paediatric physical and occupational therapists' views towards self-directed mobility and their perceived ability and intentions to advocate for children's access to self-directed mobility.

Methods: Three individuals with expertise in kinesiology, psychology, paediatric rehabilitation, and disability studies served as the expert panel for item development.

Updated National Estimates of Disparities in Physical Activity and Sports Participation Experienced by Children and Adolescents With Disabilities: NSCH 2016-2017.

Background: Children and adolescents with disabilities often report low levels of physical activity (PA). Estimating the magnitude of PA disparities has been previously challenged by underreporting and variability in subsampling of disability. Using the National Survey of Children's Health, this study estimated the population-level PA disparities experienced and the association between disability status and PA engagement.

Means-end problem solving in infancy: Development, emergence of intentionality, and transfer of knowledge.

Behaviors and performance of 23 typically developing infants were assessed longitudinally at 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months in two means-end tasks: pulling a towel or rotating a turntable to obtain a supported object. With age, infants performed more goal-directed behaviors, leading to increased problem-solving success. Intentionality emerged earlier in the towel task than in the turntable task (6.

Mobility is a fundamental human right: Factors predicting attitudes toward self-directed mobility.

Background: Emergent disability studies research is interested in the community's views on how disability, including self-directed mobility, influences social and environmental policies. We anticipate that individuals' alignment with disability models, or sets of assumptions about the cause, nature, and treatment of disability, will influence attitudes about self-directed mobility. Self-directed mobility is defined as mobility that is controlled by an individual and may include walking or assisted ambulation through the use of mobility technology such as prosthetics, walking aids, manual wheelchairs, or motorized wheelchairs.

Patient-Centered Medical Home and Receipt of Part C Early Intervention Among Young CSHCN and Developmental Disabilities Versus Delays: NS-CSHCN 2009-2010.

Objective To determine, among a sample of young CSHCN with developmental conditions, (1) characteristics associated with receipt of both patient-centered medical home (PCMH) and Part C early intervention, (2) the association between each PCMH criterion and receipt of Part C generally, and (3) for CSHCN with disabilities versus delays. Methods Secondary data analysis of the 2009/10 National Survey of CSHCN. Sample included CSHCN (n = 755) birth to 3 years with a developmental disability or delay that affected their function.

Prematurity may negatively impact means-end problem solving across the first two years of life.

Preterm infants are at risk for delays in motor, perceptual, and cognitive development. While research has shown preterm infants may exhibit learning delays in the first months of life, these delays are commonly under-diagnosed. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally evaluate behavioral performance and learning in two means-end problem-solving tasks for 30 infants born preterm (PT) and 23 born full-term (FT).

Feasibility of a Modified Ride-on Car Intervention on Play Behaviors during an Inclusive Playgroup.

Aims: Children with mobility related disabilities often experience limited participation and access to social interactions. An emerging pediatric powered mobility device are modified ride-on cars that provide self-directed mobility experiences to children with disabilities. This study aimed to determine: (1) the feasibility of a modified ride-on car intervention during an inclusive playgroup, (2) the effect of a modified ride-on car intervention on the play behaviors of children with and without mobility related disabilities.

Fundamental motor skills: A systematic review of terminology.

The three aims of this systematic review are to describe: (1) use of the term fundamental motor/movement skills (FMS) in published articles; (2) the quality of definitions; and (3) relative use of process- and product- oriented assessments to measure FMS. The inclusion criteria included: (a) peer-reviewed article, (b) printed in English, (c) published between January 2000 and 31 December 2015, (d) presence of either the term "fundamental motor or movement skill" in the title and/or abstract, and (e) FMS were a measured outcome. There has been an increase in the number of publications on FMS in recent years, with the majority of studies conducted in Australia (n = 41, 33%).

Why We Move: Social Mobility Behaviors of Non-Disabled and Disabled Children across Childcare Contexts.

Background: Social mobility is defined as the co-occurrence of self-directed locomotion and direct peer interaction. Social mobility is a product of dynamic child-environment interactions and thus likely to vary across contexts (e.g.

Physical Activity Participation of Disabled Children: A Systematic Review of Conceptual and Methodological Approaches in Health Research.

Physical activity (PA) participation is widely recognized as a critical component of health and development for disabled and non-disabled children. Emergent literature reflects a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of childhood PA as a multi-dimensional construct, encompassing aspects of physical performance, and self-perceived engagement. However, ambiguity remains around how participation as a health construct is integrated into PA research.

Effects of strength training on mobility in adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review.

Background: Many adults with cerebral palsy report experiencing early-onset decline in mobility and independence. The role of strength training to combat this is not well understood.

Objective/hypothesis: To examine the effects of strength-training interventions on muscle strength and functional outcomes for adults with CP using the ICF framework.