The chronic leukocyte and inflammatory cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia; a randomized controlled trial.

Trial Design: Older adults experience chronic dysregulation of leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines, both at rest and in response to resistance training. Systemic hypoxia modulates leukocytes and cytokines, therefore this study characterized the effects of normobaric hypoxia on the leukocyte and cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training.

Methods: 20 adults aged 60-70 years performed eight weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training in either normoxia or normobaric hypoxia (14.

The Role of Sports Clothing in Thermoregulation, Comfort, and Performance During Exercise in the Heat: A Narrative Review.

The aims of this review are to (1) summarise the current research of sports clothing as it relates to thermoregulation, comfort, and performance during exercise in the heat, (2) identify methodological limitations and gaps in the knowledge base of sports clothing, and (3) provide recommendations for exercise testing protocols to accurately assess the impact of sports clothing in athletic populations during exercise in the heat. Sports clothing consists of lightweight and breathable fabrics, surface treatments, and various designs which aim to enhance sweat evaporation and comfort during exercise in the heat. Sports clothing comprised of natural, synthetic, and chemically treated fabrics has been investigated during exercise of varying durations (15-120 min), intensities (20-70% VO max) and types (fixed intensity, incremental, self-paced), and in an array of climatic conditions (18-40 °C, 20-60% relative humidity).

The assessment of a novel lower body resistance garment as a mechanism to increase the training stimulus during running: a randomised cross-over study.

Background: This study examined the physiological and perceived impact of wearing a novel lower body resistance garment during exercise and recovery.

Methods: Using a randomised cross-over design, 15 recreationally-active males performed 2 × 10-min steady-state runs followed by a 10-min passive recovery with concomitant monitoring of oxygen consumption (V̇O), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE; exercise portion only), wearing either the resistance garment (experimental) or running shorts (control).

Results: During exercise, there was a trend for V̇O and RPE to be higher (4.

Behaviors and Actions of the Strength and Conditioning Coach in Fostering a Positive Coach-Athlete Relationship.

Carson, F, Blakey, M, Foulds, SJ, Hinck, K, and Hoffmann, SM. Behaviors and actions of the strength and conditioning coach in fostering a positive coach-athlete relationship. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3256-3263, 2022-A number of models have been developed to explain the various factors that affect coach-athlete interactions; however, they have had limited application to strength and conditioning (S&C).

The Efficacy of the Lactate Threshold: A Sex-Based Comparison.

Hoffmann, SM, Skinner, TL, van Rosendal, SP, Osborne, MA, Emmerton, LM, and Jenkins, DG. The efficacy of the lactate threshold: A sex-based comparison. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3190-3198, 2020-The second lactate threshold (LT2) has previously been associated with endurance performance; however, comparisons between sexes are lacking regarding its efficacy.

The Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia on Resistance Training Adaptations in Older Adults.

Allsopp, GL, Hoffmann, SM, Feros, SA, Pasco, JA, Russell, AP, and Wright, CR. The effect of normobaric hypoxia on resistance training adaptations in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2306-2312, 2022-The effect of normobaric hypoxia on strength, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness was investigated after a resistance training intervention in older adults.

The Coach-Athlete Relationship in Strength and Conditioning: High Performance Athletes' Perceptions.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate high performance athlete perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches, specifically, (1) their character traits, (2) the effective behaviours that display these traits, and (3) how these relationships were fostered. Using the 3+1 C's model of coach-athlete relationships as a framework (Jowett, 2007), 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with high performance athletes (six female; six male) representing a variety of sports (i.e.