WBRT vs. APBI: an interim report of patient satisfaction and outcomes.

Purpose: To determine differences in patient's reported quality of life and self-reported breast cosmesis between whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) via single and multi-lumen high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for women with early stage breast cancer.

Material And Methods: Patient information was retrospectively reviewed and survey data were prospectively collected for women treated between 2004 to 2014 (APBI) and 2012 to 2014 (WBRT). Criteria for APBI treatments were ER+ (after 2010), N0 (after 2010), T < 3 cm, and post-menopausal.

The effects of carbamazepine on prefrontal activation in manic youth with bipolar disorder.

This preliminary study investigated the neurofunctional effects of carbamazepine-extended release (XR) treatment in 11 manic youth with bipolar disorder during performance of a sustained attention task, the Continuous Performance Task - Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP), during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All patients underwent baseline fMRI, and 10 patients were scanned again at endpoint. Nine demographically matched healthy youth, who were scanned once, served as controls.

Neurofunctional changes in adolescent cannabis users with and without bipolar disorder.

Aims: To compare regional brain activation among adolescents with bipolar disorder and co-occurring cannabis use disorder.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Cincinnati, OH, USA.

N-acetyl aspartate levels in adolescents with bipolar and/or cannabis use disorders.

Objective: Bipolar and cannabis use disorders commonly co-occur during adolescence, and neurochemical studies may help clarify the pathophysiology underlying this co-occurrence. This study compared metabolite concentrations in the left ventral lateral prefrontal cortex among adolescents with bipolar disorder (bipolar group; n = 14), adolescents with a cannabis use disorder (cannabis use group; n = 13), adolescents with cannabis use and bipolar disorders (bipolar and cannabis group; n = 25), and healthy adolescents (healthy controls; n = 15). We hypothesized that adolescents with bipolar disorder (with or without cannabis use disorder) would have decreased N-acetyl aspartate levels in the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex compared to the other groups and that the bipolar and cannabis group would have the lowest N-acetyl aspartate levels of all groups.

Antidepressant tolerability in anxious and depressed youth at high risk for bipolar disorder: a prospective naturalistic treatment study.

Objective: Depressive and anxiety disorders are common in youth who are at risk for bipolar disorder (i.e., youth who have at least one parent with bipolar disorder) and antidepressants are commonly prescribed as treatment.

The effects of ziprasidone on prefrontal and amygdalar activation in manic youth with bipolar disorder.

Background: Prior research has found that manic adolescents with bipolar disorder exhibit neurofunctional changes in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex following treatment with some pharmacological agents. We examined the neurofunctional effects of ziprasidone in manic adolescents.

Method: Manic adolescents with bipolar disorder (n=23) participated in a placebo-controlled study of ziprasidone and underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning session while performing a task of sustained attention at baseline, prior to treatment as well as on days 7 and 28 (or early termination) of treatment.

Neurocircuitry of generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents: a pilot functional neuroimaging and functional connectivity study.

Background: Dysfunction of neural systems responsible for the processing of emotional stimuli is hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adolescents. We used standard fMRI and functional connectivity analyses to examine the functional neurocircuitry of GAD in adolescents.

Methods: Ten adolescents with GAD and 10 healthy comparison subjects underwent fMRI while performing a continuous performance task with emotional and neutral distractors.

Health-related quality of life as measured by the child health questionnaire in adolescents with bipolar disorder treated with olanzapine.

Aim: To examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents with bipolar disorder before and after double-blind treatment with olanzapine or placebo.

Methods: Parents or legal guardians of 160 adolescents with a manic or mixed episode associated with bipolar I disorder were asked to rate their child's health using the Child Health Questionnaire-Parental Form 50 at baseline, before receiving medication, and then again at the end of participation in a 3-week double-blind placebo-controlled study of olanzapine.

Results: Adolescents in both treatment groups began and ended the study with significantly lower scores than normalized values of healthy peers on several HRQoL subscales (lower ratings indicate more impaired functioning), especially those assessing psychosocial factors.

Progression of amygdala volumetric abnormalities in adolescents after their first manic episode.

Objective: Although previous neuroimaging studies suggest that adolescents with bipolar disorder exhibit smaller amygdala volumes compared with healthy adolescents, whether these abnormalities are present at illness onset or instead develop over time remains unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a prospective longitudinal investigation comparing amygdala neurodevelopment among adolescents after their first manic episode, adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and healthy adolescents.

Method: A total of 30 adolescents hospitalized for their first manic/mixed episode associated with bipolar disorder, 29 adolescents with ADHD, and 24 demographically matched healthy teens underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning at index assessment and approximately 12 months later.