Disparities in sleep among diverse adolescents in two large statewide samples: A need for intersectional interventions.

Objectives: Examine very short sleep among adolescents across multiple intersecting social positions and experiences of sexual orientation-based bullying and cyberbullying in two statewide samples.

Methods: A harmonization of two large statewide school-based datasets from grades 9-12 (2019 Minnesota Student Survey, and 2018-2019 California Healthy Kids Survey) was utilized for the analysis (N = 379,710). Exhaustive chi-square automatic interaction detection (an approach for quantitative intersectionality research) explored variability in very short sleep (≤5 hours/night) among adolescents from multiple intersecting social positions (race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and sex assigned at birth), grade, state, and two types of bullying experiences (sexual orientation-based bullying and cyberbullying).

Beyond smoking: The role of stigma in asthma rates among youth.

Objective: This study aimed to examine asthma disparities at the intersection of four sociodemographic characteristics, inhaled substance use, and bias-based bullying as metrics of stigma. We hypothesized that high prevalence groups for asthma would be those with marginalized social positions and those reporting bullying experiences, independent of inhaled substance use.

Method: The analytic sample ( = 90,367) included eighth, ninth, and 11th grade students who participated in the 2022 Minnesota Student Survey.

Who Plays and Who Doesn't? An Intersectional Examination of Disparities in Adolescent Sport and Physical Activity Lesson Participation.

Purpose: Few reports include more than 1-2 social identities when examining organized sport and physical activity (PA) participation among adolescents. We used a quantitative intersectional approach to examine disparities in adolescent sport and PA lesson participation.

Methods: Ninth and 11th grade 2022 Minnesota Student Survey participants (N = 62,940) self-reported social identities and team sport and PA lessons.

Early childhood (1-5 years) obesity prevention: A systematic review of family-based multicomponent behavioral interventions.

Introduction: Globally 38.9 million children under age 5 have overweight or obesity, leading to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, depression, and poor educational outcomes. Obesity is difficult to reverse and lifestyle behaviors (healthy or unhealthy) can persist from 1.

Are HIV Prevention Services Reaching all LGBTQ+ Youth? An Intersectional Analysis in a National Sample.

Although research has examined disparities in HIV prevention behaviors, intersectional research is needed to understand who may be underserved. This study examines disparities in consistent condom use, HIV testing, and PrEP awareness and use across assigned sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, and racial/ethnic identity in a large sample of sexually active LGBTQ+ youth (mean age = 16.5) who completed the 2022 LGBTQ National Teen Survey.

Bias-based bullying, self-esteem, queer identity pride, and disordered eating behaviors among sexually and gender diverse adolescents.

Objective: Limited research incorporates an intersectional approach when evaluating disordered eating behaviors among those holding minoritized social positions, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, and/or transgender/gender diverse (LGBTQ) adolescents. The current study assessed stigma experiences from peers at school, self-esteem, LGBTQ pride, and overlapping social positions as they relate to disordered eating behaviors among LGBTQ adolescents.

Method: Participants included 11,083 adolescents (M  = 15.

Health Consequences of Familial Negative Weight Talk Across the Spectrum of Gender Diversity.

Purpose Of Review: To synthesize differences in familial negative weight talk and health-related correlates across gender identities and to highlight gaps relevant to the unique experiences and health correlates of boys and transgender and gender diverse youth.

Recent Findings: Most of the studies included in this review observed no difference by gender in familial negative weight talk health correlates. Gender biases in existing measures, however, may have contributed to underreporting of health correlates in boys.

Bullying Involvement at the Intersection of Gender Identity/Modality, Sexual Identity, Race, Ethnicity, and Disability: Prevalence Disparities and the Role of School-Related Developmental Assets.

This study examines adolescents' self-reported school-based developmental assets and four intersecting social positions as they relate to prevalence of bullying involvement. Participants were 80,456 ninth and 11th grade students who participated in the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (30.2% youth of color; 11% lesbian/gay/bisexual/pansexual/queer/questioning; 2.

Examining Mental Health and Bullying Concerns at the Intersection of Sexuality, Gender, Race, and Ethnicity Among a National Sample of Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth.

Most extant scholarship that examines the health experiences of sexual and gender diverse youth (SGDY) is limited in the ability to apply an intersectional framework due to small sample sizes and limitations in analytic methods that only analyze the independent contribution of social identities. To address this gap, this study explored the well-being of youth at the intersection of ethnic, racial, sexual, and gender identities in relation to mental health and bullying. Data were from a U.

Exploring Bias-Based Bullying and Intersecting Social Positions as Correlates of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents.

The current study extends the limited body of intersectional research on adolescents' sexual health by examining experiences of bias-based bullying and multiple intersecting social positions associated with engagement in sexual risk behaviors. Participants were 14,968 sexually active 9th and 11th grade students surveyed as part of the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (15% lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/pansexual/questioning [LGBQ] and/or transgender/gender diverse [TGD] or gender questioning). Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify experiences (i.

Family-based weight stigma and psychosocial health: A multinational comparison.

Objective: Family-based weight stigma can be expressed as criticism, judgment, teasing, and mistreatment by family members because of an individual's body weight. The current study compared the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of family-based weight stigma among adult members of a weight-management program living in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the UK, and the US.

Methods: Participants (N = 8100 adults who reported having ever experienced weight stigma; 95% female; 94% White) completed an identical online survey in their country's dominant language that assessed their experiences of weight stigma from 16 different family member sources, as well as internalized weight bias, body image, eating behaviors, perceived stress, and self-rated health.

"Look beyond the weight and accept me": Adolescent perspectives on parental weight communication.

Critical weight communication between parents and their adolescent children is prevalent and harmful. However, research on adolescent perspectives about parental weight communication is limited. The present mixed-methods study aimed to address this gap using inductive thematic analysis of 1743 adolescents' (M=14.

Black Sexual Minority Men's Stigma-Based Experiences Surrounding Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the Southern United States.

Intersecting experiences of stigma related to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) influence PrEP uptake among Black sexual minority men (BSMM) living in the southern United States; however, it is unclear what stigmatized identities and behaviors are impacted when accessing human immunodeficiency virus prevention options. To inform identity-specific PrEP interventions, this study examined stigma in BSMM's lives relating to intersecting experiences of PrEP stigma. We conducted 32 virtual, semistructured qualitative interviews with BSMM residing in the southeastern United States between February and April 2019.

How social support and parent-child relationship quality relate to LGBTQ+ college students' well-being during COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted the well-being of many college students, particularly lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ +) students who are already at a disproportionate risk for negative mental health and well-being outcomes. To identify potential risk and protective factors we examined LGBTQ + college students' disclosure of sexual orientation, gender identity, or both (SOGI) to mothers and fathers, living arrangements (whether or not students lived with mothers and fathers), social support from family and friends, and parent-child relationship quality and their association with stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and problem drinking during the pandemic. LGBTQ + college students ( = 366; = 20.

Inhibition of the Na/K-ATPase by cardiac glycosides suppresses expression of the IDO1 immune checkpoint in cancer cells by reducing STAT1 activation.

Despite extensive basic and clinical research on immune checkpoint regulatory pathways, little is known about the effects of the ionic tumor microenvironment on immune checkpoint expression and function. Here we describe a mechanistic link between Na/K-ATPase (NKA) inhibition and activity of the immune checkpoint protein indoleamine-pyrrole 2',3'-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). We found that IDO1 was necessary and sufficient for production of kynurenine, a downstream tryptophan metabolite, in cancer cells.

Weight-based victimization and school performance in adolescence: Can teachers help reduce academic risks?

Weight-based victimization (WBV) is a common and consequential experience for adolescents with overweight and obesity. The current study examined the relative contributions of different school-based sources of WBV (i.e.

Teaching tolerance or acting tolerant? Evaluating skills- and contact-based prejudice reduction interventions among Palestinian-Israeli and Jewish-Israeli youth.

Although contact-based interventions are the cornerstone of prejudice reduction, in high-conflict environments, incendiary contact with outgroups can instead exacerbate negative attitudes. Supplementing contact interventions with social-cognitive/emotional approaches may, instead, help facilitate positive contact. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two prejudice reduction interventions among 148 Palestinian-Israeli and 154 Jewish-Israeli 5th grade students (M = 10.

Elemental, configural, and occasion setting mechanisms in biconditional and patterning discriminations.

Three experiments explored the utility of considering mechanisms of occasion setting for understanding patterning and biconditional discriminations - two more complex conditional discriminations in which the stimulus-outcome relations of occasion setting are embedded. In Experiment 1, rats were trained in an appetitive conditioning task with either a biconditional or a patterning discrimination using relatively brief CSs (10s) and differential outcomes as USs. In this study, rats learned the positive patterning task before they had learned negative patterning, and the biconditional task was the most difficult.

Effect of accelerated aging on dental zirconia-based materials.

Objective: To investigate the effect of aging on phase transformation and mechanical properties of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP).

Materials And Methods: Fully-sintered Y-TZP slabs, IPS E-max ZirCAD (ZC - Ivoclar) and Z-5 ceramic (Z5 - C5 Medical Werks), were artificially aged in autoclave for: 0, 30, 60 or 90min. Flexural strength (FS), crystalline changes (X-ray diffraction analysis - XRD) and surface topography were analyzed.

Quantification of vehicle fleet PM10 particulate matter emission factors from exhaust and non-exhaust sources using tunnel measurement techniques.

Road tunnels act like large laboratories; they provide an excellent environment to quantify atmospheric particles emission factors from exhaust and non-exhaust sources due to their known boundary conditions. Current work compares the High Volume, Dichotomous Stacked Filter Unit and Partisol Air Sampler for coarse, PM10 and PM2.5 particle concentration measurement and found that they do not differ significantly (p = 95%).