Keratoconus in Down syndrome: Prevalence, risk factors, severity and corneal tomographic characteristics.

Background: This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors and severity of corneal tomographic features of keratoconus in Down syndrome (DS). Additionally, previous studies indicate anomalous corneal features in DS, without keratoconus, this study characterised corneal features in DS without keratoconus.

Methods: This prospective observational study included participants with DS ≥10 years old.

Incomplete peripheral retinal vascularisation in retinopathy of prematurity: is it the consequence of changing oxygen saturation?

Background: We wish to determine the prevalence and risk factors of incomplete peripheral avascular retina (IPAR) in children screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its association with oxygen saturation (SpO) targets.

Methods: A retrospective review of retinal images of premature infants born and screened for ROP in Auckland Region, New Zealand, between January 2013 and December 2017 was conducted. Images were reviewed to determine if avascular retina was present at their final ROP screening.

Selected ocular dimensions of three penguin species.

Penguins (Spheniscidae) are a diverse clade of flightless, marine birds. Their eyes, likely a primary driver of behaviour, have been noted to have anatomic adaptations to their amphibious lifestyle. In particular, they have a relatively flat cornea, which would make the transition from a subaerial to a submarine environment require less accommodative effort.

Long-term visual outcomes of children screened for retinopathy of prematurity with telemedicine in New Zealand.

Clinical Relevance: Children with a history of regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are at increased risk of peripheral avascular retina. Wide-field digital retinal imaging and telemedicine is an effective tool for ROP screening. Ophthalmologists and Optometrists should have a high level of clinical suspicion for peripheral retinal changes in children screened for ROP.

Down syndrome and the eye: Ocular characteristics and ocular assessment.

The trisomy of chromosome 21, the smallest autosome, is associated with significant systemic manifestations in addition to intellectual disability. The triplication of this chromosome, known as Down syndrome (DS) is also associated with several manifestations in the eye, and ocular adnexae. People with DS have a variety of ophthalmic conditions, some of which require intervention.

Topographic screening reveals keratoconus to be extremely common in Down syndrome.

Importance: Keratoconus disproportionately affects people with Down syndrome (DS). This is the first study of its kind in Australasia.

Background: To investigate the prevalence of keratoconus in DS.

Persistent Avascular Retina in Infants With a History of Type 2 Retinopathy of Prematurity: To Treat or Not to Treat?

Purpose: To investigate persistent avascular retina in infants with type 2 retinopathy of permaturity (ROP) that persisted after 45 weeks' post-menstrual age when regular ROP screening ceased.

Methods: A prospective observational study where fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was completed on consecutive infants who had a history of type 2 ROP and avascular retina during ROP screening that persisted after 45 weeks' post-menstrual age.

Results: FFA was completed on 72 eyes of 36 infants (53% male), with a mean gestational age of 26.

Auckland regional telemedicine retinopathy of prematurity screening network: A 10-year review.

Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding condition affecting the retinae of premature infants. Effective screening is necessary for timely treatment.

Background: The Auckland Regional Telemedicine ROP (ART-ROP) network, utilizes wide-field digital imaging for ROP screening.

Prospective observational study of universal newborn eye screening in a hospital and community setting in New Zealand.

Objective: Early detection of ocular abnormalities in newborn infants is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to assess wide-field digital imaging for universal newborn eye screening (UNES) to determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities, including retinal haemorrhages, in newborn infants in New Zealand.

Design: Prospective ocular screening study of infants.

Clinical applicability of the Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimeter in children with and without visual impairment.

Background: Common paediatric perimetry techniques require central fixation and subjective responses, which may be challenging for young or cognitively impaired children. The Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimeter (SVOP) was designed to overcome these challenges by using infra-red eye tracking to assess the visual field. This study assessed the clinical feasibility of SVOP in children without visual impairment, comparing it to current paediatric techniques, and in children with visual impairment.

Do picture-based charts overestimate visual acuity? Comparison of Kay Pictures, Lea Symbols, HOTV and Keeler logMAR charts with Sloan letters in adults and children.

Purpose: Children may be tested with a variety of visual acuity (VA) charts during their ophthalmic care and differences between charts can complicate the interpretation of VA measurements. This study compared VA measurements across four pediatric charts with Sloan letters and identified chart design features that contributed to inter-chart differences in VA.

Methods: VA was determined for right eyes of 25 adults and 17 children (4-9 years of age) using Crowded Kay Pictures, Crowded linear Lea Symbols, Crowded Keeler logMAR, Crowded HOTV and Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts in focused and defocused (+1.