Consecutive Evaluation of Systematic Community-Based COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Testing in Three Different Populations in Jamaica during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The rise in COVID-19 cases in late 2021 posed a grave threat to the public health system and the economy of Jamaica. A key pillar of controlling COVID-19 includes rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and their contacts. Hence, we evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of weekly deployment of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) by conducting three 6-week studies within high-risk populations in Jamaica.

Associations of language barriers with very preterm children's behavioural and socio-emotional problems across Europe.

Background: Very preterm birth (<32 weeks gestation, VP), immigrant background, and language barriers are all independently associated with a high risk for mental health problems in childhood, but research has neglected the long-term development of immigrant children born VP. We assessed whether behavioural and socio-emotional problems of 5-year-old children born VP growing up across different language contexts in the European Union are associated with an immigrant background and linguistic distance of families' mother tongue (L1) to the host countries' official languages.

Methods: Data are from a population-based cohort including all VP births in 2011/12 in 11 European countries; a total of 3,067 children were followed up at 2 and 5 years of age.

Airway, breathing, cellphone: a new vital sign?

Introduction: In emergency medicine, triage encompasses more than the initial prioritization of treatment; it also includes decisions about the most suitable level of care and disposition for each patient. However, the increasing use of mobile technology by patients in the emergency department (ED) introduces a new factor. This study aims to explore the relationship between patients' cellphone use at the time of initial assessment and final disposition in the ED.

The Landscape of Undergraduate Introductory Exercise Science Courses.

Introductory classes are often a student's first exposure to foundational knowledge, careers, and faculty in an academic major. The characteristics of introductory exercise science courses, as well as faculty impressions of course benefits and areas for improvement, were explored in this study. Electronic survey data from 181 universities around the United States were analyzed.

Refractory testicular germ cell tumors are highly sensitive to the targeting of polycomb pathway demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) can be treated with cisplatin-based therapy. However, a clinically significant number of cisplatin-resistant patients die from progressive disease as no effective alternatives exist. Curative cisplatin therapy results in acute and life-long toxicities in the young TGCT patient population providing a rationale to decrease cisplatin exposure.

Refractory testicular germ cell tumors are highly sensitive to the targeting of polycomb pathway demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) can be treated with cisplatin-based therapy. However, a clinically significant number of cisplatin-resistant patients die from progressive disease as no effective alternatives exist. Curative cisplatin therapy results in acute and life-long toxicities in the young TGCT patient population providing a rationale to decrease cisplatin exposure.

We Have All the Time in the World: The Law and Ethics of Time-Limited Interventions in Clinical Care.

The authors consider the legal and ethical considerations of offering a time-limited trial of a potentially non-beneficial intervention in the setting of patient or surrogate requests to pursue aggressive treatment. The likelihood of an intervention's success is rarely a zero-sum game, and an intervention's risk-to-benefit ratio may be indiscernible without further information (often, a matter of time).

The Effect of COVID-19 on Lung Cancer Screening.

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, many hospitals suspended non-essential medical procedures to reduce transmission and prioritize personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 patients. Hospitals that continued these procedures faced uncertainty about patient attendance. Multiple factors could explain a decline in patient attendance during the pandemic, including patients' reluctance to risk COVID-19 exposure in the hospital or their own illness requiring self-isolation.

Variability in patient selection criteria across extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) systems: A systematic review.

Background: Across the world, many systems have implemented extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) as a potential treatment strategy for patients in refractory cardiac arrest. To date, there are no universally accepted criteria for patient selection for ECPR. We conducted a systematic review to explore the variability in patient eligibility criteria for ECPR across systems.

Romantic and sexual relationships of young adults born very preterm: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Aim: To compare romantic and sexual relationships between adults born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks of gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) and at term, and to evaluate potential biological and environmental explanatory factors among VP/VLBW participants.

Methods: This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis included longitudinal studies assessing romantic and sexual relationships in adults (mean sample age ≥ 18 years) born VP/VLBW compared with term-born controls. Following PRISMA-IPD guidelines, 11 of the 13 identified cohorts provided IPD from 1606 VP/VLBW adults and 1659 term-born controls.

Comparing the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Cohorts of Children Born Extremely Preterm in 1995 and 2006: The EPICure Studies.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in 2 population-based cohorts of children born extremely preterm (EP) 11 years apart to ascertain whether psychiatric outcomes have changed over time following improved survival of EP children.

Method: In the EPICure2 study, 200 children born EP (22-26 weeks' gestation) in England in 2006 were assessed at 11 years of age alongside 143 term-born children. Children were assessed using the Developmental and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA).

Demographic, Environmental, and Psychosocial Influences on Resilience Toward Chronic Stress.

As studied previously, chronic stress environments lead to the formation of distinctive resilience groupings when related to individual outcomes among participants. The majority of the population has decreased mental and physical strength during prolonged periods of mental distress but returns to baseline status when those stressors are removed. Others have increased and decreased mental fortitude despite the removal of stressors.

Anthropogenic, environmental and temporal associations with vertebrate road mortality in a wildland-urban interface of a biodiverse desert ecoregion.

Road mortality adversely affects wildlife populations. As urbanization and infrastructure densities expand, transportation and wildlife management aim to mitigate wildlife-vehicle conflicts while conserving biodiversity. Roadways in aridland ecosystems can invariably and adversely impact wildlife differently from temperate and other biomes, yet these rapidly urbanizing regions are understudied as are urban-rural gradients.

Sex differences in the association between short sleep duration and obesity: A systematic-review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Obesity is a leading contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Short sleep duration is significantly associated with the incidence of obesity, however, it remains unclear whether this relationship is influenced by sex. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the evidence of whether the association between short sleep duration and obesity differs between males and females.

Oxidation of Ammonia Catalyzed by a Molecular Iron Complex: Translating Chemical Catalysis to Mediated Electrocatalysis.

Ammonia is a promising candidate in the quest for sustainable, clean energy. With its capacity to serve as an energy carrier, the oxidation of ammonia opens avenues for carbon-neutral approaches to address worldwide growing energy needs. We report the catalytic chemical oxidation of ammonia by an Earth-abundant transition metal complex, trans-[LFe(MeCN)][PF], where L is a macrocyclic ligand bearing four N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donors.

Termination of Resuscitation Rules and Survival Among Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Termination of resuscitation (TOR) rules may help guide prehospital decisions to stop resuscitation, with potential effects on patient outcomes and health resource use. Rules with high sensitivity risk increasing inappropriate transport of nonsurvivors, while rules without excellent specificity risk missed survivors. Further examination of the performance of TOR rules in estimating survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is needed.

Recommendations for data collection in cohort studies of preterm born individuals - The RECAP Preterm Core Dataset.

Background: Preterm birth (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is associated with an increased risk of adverse health and developmental outcomes relative to birth at term. Existing guidelines for data collection in cohort studies of individuals born preterm are either limited in scope, have not been developed using formal consensus methodology, or did not involve a range of stakeholders in their development. Recommendations meeting these criteria would facilitate data pooling and harmonisation across studies.

The early educational environment at five years of age in a European cohort of children born very preterm: challenges and opportunities for research.

Background: Early childhood education offers opportunities for stimulation in multiple developmental domains and its positive impact on long-term outcomes and wellbeing for children is well documented. Few studies have explored early education in children born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks of gestation) who are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and poor educational outcomes than their term-born peers. The purpose of the study is to describe and compare the educational environment of children born VPT in European countries at 5 years of age according to the degree of perinatal risk.

Association of antenatal or neonatal SARS-COV-2 exposure with developmental and respiratory outcomes, and healthcare usage in early childhood: a national prospective cohort study.

Background: Perinatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may affect neurodevelopment before 12 months of age, but longer-term outcomes remain unknown. We examined whether antenatal or neonatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure compared with non-exposure is associated with neurodevelopment, respiratory symptoms, and health care usage in early childhood.

Methods: This prospective national population-based cohort study was conducted in England and Wales, United Kingdom.

Long-Acting Injectable ART in Practice: A Mixed Methods Implementation Study Assessing the Feasibility of Using LAI ART in High Risk Populations and At Alternative Low Barrier Care Sites.

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the potential to change the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH). To ensure equitable access to new treatment modalities, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of administering Cabotegravir Rilpivirine Long Acting (CAB/RPV LA) to individuals who experience challenging social determinants of health (SDoH) and struggle with adherence to traditional oral ART. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to assess feasibility of utilizing ART at alternative clinic.