Executive functioning challenges of adolescents born extremely and very preterm.

Background: Children born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks) are at increased risk of executive functioning (EF) difficulties. But less is known about the nature and extent of these executive difficulties during late adolescence, particularly across multiple EF domains and in response to varying degrees of executive demand.

Methods: Using data from a prospective longitudinal study, this paper describes the EF profiles of 92 VPT and 68 full-term (FT) adolescents at age 17 years.

Surviving cardiac arrest after carbon monoxide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Carbon monoxide (CO) and cyanide poisoning are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in cases of house and industrial fires. The 14th edition of guidelines from the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society does not recommend hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment in those patients who have suffered a cardiac arrest and had to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In this paper, we describe the case of a 31-year-old patient who received HBO treatment in the setting of cardiac arrest and survived.

Increased Risk of Parental Instability for Children Born Very Preterm and Impacts on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Age 12.

Caring for a child born preterm places significant emotional and financial burdens on family relationships. This paper examines (a) the extent to which children born very and extremely preterm are more likely to experience parental change/caregiver instability than children born full term, (b) predictors of parental change/s for preterm infants, and (c) whether exposure to parental change/caregiver instability increases child neurodevelopmental risk. Data were collected as part of a prospective longitudinal study of 110 very preterm and 113 full-term born infants and their parents studied from birth to corrected age 12 years.

The potential of school-based WASH programming to support children as agents of change in rural Zambian households.

Background: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions frequently assume that students who learn positive WASH behaviors will disseminate this information to their families. This is most prominent in school-based programs, which rely on students to act as "agents of change" to translate impact from school to home. However, there is little evidence to support or contradict this assumption.

Preschool Language Development of Children Born to Women with an Opioid Use Disorder.

Increasing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to opioids may affect brain development, but limited data exist on the effects of opioid-exposure on preschool language development. Our study aimed to characterize the nature and prevalence of language problems in children prenatally exposed to opioids, and the factors that support or hinder language acquisition. A sample of 100 children born to pregnant women in methadone maintenance treatment and 110 randomly identified non-exposed children were studied from birth to age 4.

Prenatal methadone exposure and child developmental outcomes in 2-year-old children.

Aim: To examine the developmental outcomes of children born to opioid-dependent females enrolled in methadone maintenance and identify pre- and postnatal factors that place these children at developmental risk.

Method: Ninety-nine methadone-maintained females and their 100 infants (42 females, 58 males, mean gestational age 38.8wks) were recruited during pregnancy/at birth and studied to age 2 years alongside a regionally representative comparison group of 108 non-methadone-maintained females and their 110 infants (62 females, 48 males, mean gestational age 39.

Emotional and Behavioral Trajectories of 2 to 9 Years Old Children Born to Opioid-Dependent Mothers.

Maternal opioid use in pregnancy has increased dramatically. Knowledge about children's longer-term emotional and behavioral development after prenatal opioid exposure is scarce. A regional sample of 89 opioid-exposed and 104 non-exposed comparison children were studied prospectively at ages 2, 4.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Children Born to Opioid-Dependent Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Children born to opioid-dependent mothers are at risk of adverse neurodevelopment. The magnitude of this risk remains inconclusive.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of studies that assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes of children aged 0 to 12 years born to opioid-dependent mothers, compared with children born to nonopioid-dependent mothers, across general cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional domains.

Educational achievement at age 9.5 years of children born to mothers maintained on methadone during pregnancy.

Recent research shows that preschool children born to opioid-dependent mothers are at increased risk for cognitive, psychomotor, attention, and social-emotional adjustment problems. But very little is known about their school-age functioning, particularly their educational achievement. This analysis examined the educational outcomes of a regional cohort of 100 prenatally methadone-exposed children who were prospectively studied from birth to age 9.

Health and Neurodevelopment of Children Born to Opioid-Dependent Mothers at School Entry.

Objective: To examine the school readiness of a regional cohort of prenatally methadone-exposed children across 5 domains and to examine factors contributing to impairment risk.

Methods: Data were drawn from a single-center, prospective longitudinal study. One hundred children born to women in methadone maintenance treatment and 110 randomly identified non-methadone-exposed children were studied from birth (2003-2008) to age 4.

STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide AZD9150 in a subset of patients with heavily pretreated lymphoma: results of a phase 1b trial.

Background: The Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is an attractive target in multiple cancers. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is important in both tumorigenesis and activation of immune responses. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the transcription factor STAT3 has been associated with aggressive disease phenotype and worse overall survival.

AZD9150, a next-generation antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of STAT3 with early evidence of clinical activity in lymphoma and lung cancer.

Next-generation sequencing technologies have greatly expanded our understanding of cancer genetics. Antisense technology is an attractive platform with the potential to translate these advances into improved cancer therapeutics, because antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitors can be designed on the basis of gene sequence information alone. Recent human clinical data have demonstrated the potent activity of systemically administered ASOs targeted to genes expressed in the liver.