Reproductive Planning: Unintended Pregnancy.

Unintended pregnancy is seen commonly in the family medicine setting. It is defined as a pregnancy that is mistimed (occurring sooner than wanted) or unwanted (not desired at that time or any time in the future). Approximately 45% of all US pregnancies are unintended.

Reproductive Planning: Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives and Emergency Contraception.

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) include progestin and copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) and progestin subdermal implants. LARCs may be the preferred for individuals who want a method that is highly effective and can last for several years, or for whom estrogen is contraindicated. LARCs should be offered using a shared decision-making approach, keeping in mind that historically these methods have been used coercively to control the reproductive choices of marginalized or disabled people.

Reproductive Planning: Short-Acting Reversible Contraceptives.

Short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs) are prescribed routinely by primary care clinicians. SARCs are among the most commonly prescribed contraceptive methods and include combined hormonal oral contraceptive pills, the combined hormonal transdermal patch, the combined hormonal vaginal ring, progestin-only pills, and the 3-month depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection. To ensure safe prescribing and reduce barriers to receiving SARC methods, family physicians should be familiar with two evidence-based national contraceptive guidelines, the (U.

Reproductive Planning: Contraceptive Counseling and Nonhormonal Methods.

More than 65% of US women ages 15 to 49 years use contraception every year, many of whom seek care with family medicine. Family physicians are well equipped to provide comprehensive contraceptive counseling to patients in the primary care setting. When discussing options and providing education to patients, clinicians should consider patient preferences, patient autonomy, and adverse effect concerns, and should use a patient-centered approach that upholds the principles of reproductive justice.

Longitudinal Chest X-ray Scores and their Relations with Clinical Variables and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients.

This study evaluated the temporal characteristics of lung chest X-ray (CXR) scores in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and how they relate to other clinical variables and outcomes (alive or dead). This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients. CXR scores of disease severity were analyzed for: (i) survivors ( = 224) versus non-survivors ( = 28) in the general floor group, and (ii) survivors ( = 92) versus non-survivors ( = 56) in the invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) group.

Integrating understanding of epidemiology and genomics in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma as a pathway to novel management strategies.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas include a biologically and clinically heterogeneous group of cancers distinguished by genetics, histology, and treatment outcomes. New discoveries regarding the genomic alterations and epidemiological exposures associated with these lymphomas have enhanced our understanding of factors that contribute to lymphomagenesis for specific subtypes. We explore the impact of normal B-cell biology engineered for recognizing a wide variety of antigens on the development of specific lymphoma subtypes, review lymphoma genetics, and examine the epidemiology of B-cell NHLs including recent investigations of risk factors for particular lymphoma subtypes based on large pooled analyses.

Computed Tomography Assessment of Ablation Zone Enhancement in Patients With Early-Stage Lung Cancer After Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.

Introduction: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) offers a curative treatment for lung cancer in patients who are marginal surgical candidates. However, unlike traditional surgery the lung cancer remains in place after treatment. Thus, imaging follow-up for evaluation of recurrence is of paramount importance.

Emotion processing in the criminal psychopath: the role of attention in emotion-facilitated memory.

The response modulation hypothesis specifies that low-anxious psychopathic individuals have difficulty processing information outside their primary attentional focus. To evaluate the applicability of this model to affective processing, the authors had 239 offenders, classified with the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (R. D.

Psychopathy and Trait Emotional Intelligence.

Psychopathic individuals are infamous for their chronic and diverse failures of social adjustment despite their adequate intellectual abilities. Non-cognitive factors, in particular trait emotional intelligence (EI), offer one possible explanation for their lack of success. This study explored the association between psychopathy and EI, as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003) and Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS, Salovey, Mayer, Golman, Turvey & Palfai, 1995).

Stroop tasks associated with differential activation of anterior cingulate do not differentiate psychopathic and non-psychopathic offenders.

Attentional models of psychopathy hold that psychopathic individuals fail to process information that conflicts with goal-directed behavior. However, they display normal interference on color-word Stroop tasks. To determine whether psychopathic individuals' attention deficits are specific to conditions associated with the anterior cingulate (ACC) conflict monitoring system, we administered a Stroop task with a mostly-congruent condition associated with ACC activation, and a mostly-incongruent condition that is not, to 128 criminal offenders assessed for psychopathy using Hare's (2003) PCL-R.

Recognition of facial affect in psychopathic offenders.

The authors examined the reliability of facial affect processing deficits found in psychopathic individuals (R. Blair et al., 2004) and whether they could be modified by attentional set.

Personality diagnoses in adolescence: DSM-IV axis II diagnoses and an empirically derived alternative.

Objective: The study of personality pathology in adolescence is in its infancy. This article examined the applicability and limits of DSM-IV axis II personality disorder diagnoses in adolescents, assessed the validity of a method for assessing adolescent personality pathology, and began to develop an empirically grounded classification.

Method: A total of 296 randomly selected clinicians described a patient age 14-18 in treatment for maladaptive personality patterns using axis II ratings scales and the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 for Adolescents (SWAP-200-A), a Q-sort instrument for assessing adolescent personality pathology.