Cross-sectional assessment of body composition and detection of malnutrition risk in participants with low body mass index and eating disorders using 3D optical surface scans.

Background: New recommendations for the assessment of malnutrition and sarcopenia include body composition, specifically reduced muscle mass. Three-dimensional optical imaging (3DO) is a validated, accessible, and affordable alternative to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Objective: Identify strengths and weaknesses of 3DO for identification of malnutrition in participants with low body mass index (BMI) and eating disorders.

Assessment of clinical measures of total and regional body composition from a commercial 3-dimensional optical body scanner.

Background: The accurate assessment of total body and regional body circumferences, volumes, and compositions are critical to monitor physical activity and dietary interventions, as well as accurate disease classifications including obesity, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, and lymphedema. We assessed body composition and anthropometry estimates provided by a commercial 3-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging system compared to criterion measures.

Methods: Participants of the Shape Up! Adults study were recruited for similar sized stratifications by sex, age (18-40, 40-60, >60 years), BMI (under, normal, overweight, obese), and across five ethnicities (non-Hispanic [NH] Black, NH White, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander).

A pose-independent method for accurate and precise body composition from 3D optical scans.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether digitally re-posing three-dimensional optical (3DO) whole-body scans to a standardized pose would improve body composition accuracy and precision regardless of the initial pose.

Methods: Healthy adults (n = 540), stratified by sex, BMI, and age, completed whole-body 3DO and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in the Shape Up! Adults study. The 3DO mesh vertices were represented with standardized templates and a low-dimensional space by principal component analysis (stratified by sex).

Initial validation of a screening tool for disordered eating in adolescent athletes.

Background: Disordered eating (DE) is a growing problem among all athletes, particularly adolescents. To help prevent the progression of DE to a clinical eating disorder (ED), a brief screening tool could offer an efficient method for early identification of DE in athletes and facilitate treatment. The aim of this study is to validate a screening tool for DE that will identify male and female adolescent athletes of all sports and levels of competition who are at risk for DE.

Prevalence of disordered eating in athletes categorized by emphasis on leanness and activity type - a systematic review.

Background: Disordered Eating (DE) shows a strong association with athletics and can lead to several negative mental and physical health effects. Traditionally, sports have been grouped based upon whether or not the sport emphasizes leanness as a competing factor. Due to sociocultural factors, risk for DE may also be associated with the sport type.

Children and Adolescents' Anthropometrics Body Composition from 3-D Optical Surface Scans.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the accuracy and precision of three-dimensional optical (3DO) whole-body scanning for automated anthropometry and estimating total and regional body composition.

Methods: Healthy children and adolescents (n = 181, ages 5-17 years) were recruited for the Shape Up! Kids study. Each participant underwent whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and 3DO scans; multisite conventional tape measurements served as the anthropometric criterion measure.

Factors Associated with Disordered Eating Behaviors among Triathletes.

Context: Although there is little data currently available concerning the primary factors associated with disordered eating behaviors among triathletes, these athletes may be at greater risk. Sports medicine professionals are in a unique position to identify athletes with disordered eating risks.

Methods: The purpose of this cross-sectional survey study was to identify the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among a national convenience sample of triathletes.

Developmental Consequences of Restrictive Eating Disorders after Childhood Obesity: Two Case Reports.

Although childhood overweight has been associated with an increased risk for later development of eating disorders, there has been little research indicating whether previously overweight children and adolescents have an increased risk for restrictive eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa. The fifth edition of the (DSM-5) defines anorexia nervosa as the restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, and disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced. In atypical anorexia nervosa, the DSM-5 specifies that all criteria for anorexia nervosa can be met for this disorder, except that after despite significant weight loss the individual's weight is currently within or above the normal range.