Complex Alterations of Intracranial 4-Dimensional Hemodynamics in Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations During Staged Endovascular Embolization.

Background: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) are rare congenital cerebral arteriovenous shunts often treated by staged endovascular embolization early in life. Treatment-induced changes in intracranial hemodynamics and their impact on the clinical management of VGAM patients remain unclear.

Objective: To evaluate hemodynamic alterations in the cerebral arterial and venous network in pediatric patients with VGAMs during staged embolizations.

Age-Related Changes of Normal Cerebral and Cardiac Blood Flow in Children and Adults Aged 7 Months to 61 Years.

Background: Cerebral and cardiac blood flow are important to the pathophysiology and development of cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the age dependence of normal cerebral and cardiac hemodynamics in children and adults over a broad range of ages.

Methods And Results: Overall, 52 children (aged 0.

MRI characterization of brown adipose tissue in obese and normal-weight children.

Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is identified in mammals as an adaptive thermogenic organ for modulation of energy expenditure and heat generation. Human BAT may be primarily composed of brown-in-white (BRITE) adipocytes and stimulation of BRITE may serve as a potential target for obesity interventions. Current imaging studies of BAT detection and characterization have been mainly limited to PET/CT.

Quantitative MRI for hepatic fat fraction and T2* measurement in pediatric patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children. The gold standard for diagnosis is liver biopsy. MRI is a non-invasive imaging method to provide quantitative measurement of hepatic fat content.

Onyx embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients.

Object: The authors undertook this study to assess the safety and efficacy of Onyx embolization in the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in pediatric patients.

Methods: All pediatric Onyx embolization of intracranial AVM cases performed consecutively at a single children's hospital over a 5-year period were collected and evaluated.

Results: Twenty-five patients (mean age 10.

Safety and efficacy of onyx embolization for pediatric cranial and spinal vascular lesions and tumors.

Background: Although Onyx is widely used to embolize vascular lesions in adults, the safety and efficacy of this liquid embolic agent for use in children are not well studied.

Objective: To report our experience using Onyx in pediatric patients for a variety of cranial and spinal vascular lesions and tumors to determine its procedural complication rates, types, and clinical consequences and to highlight the indications for and principles of Onyx embolization in pediatric patients.

Methods: All pediatric Onyx embolization cases performed consecutively by the neuroendovascular services at our 2 institutions over a 5-year period were collected retrospectively and analyzed.

Pre- and postoperative imaging and interventions for the meso-Rex bypass in children and young adults.

The meso-Rex bypass is a physiological and anatomical bypass procedure for relief of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and restoration of mesenteric venous return to the liver. Most patients who are candidates for the bypass are children or young adults with portal hypertension and hypersplenism secondary to cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Most frequently, the bypass utilizes an autologous venous graft to connect the intrahepatic left portal vein to the infrapancreatic superior mesenteric vein (SMV) re-establishing first-pass portal perfusion.