Systematic mapping review of player safety, sport science and clinical care in lacrosse.

Objective: The objective is to comprehensively classify the types, topics and populations represented in the published lacrosse literature.

Design: Mapping review. Protocol registration at Open Science Framework (https://osf.

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Emergency Action Plan Development and Implementation in Sport.

Objective: An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document detailing the preparations and on-site emergency response of health care professionals and other stakeholders to medical emergencies in the prehospital setting. The EAP is developed to address any type of catastrophic injury response and should not be condition specific. The objective of this National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement is to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for developing and implementing an EAP for sports settings.

Exertional Heatstroke Survivors' Knowledge and Beliefs About Exertional Heatstroke Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play.

Context: Little information exists regarding what exertional heatstroke (EHS) survivors know and believe about EHS best practices. Understanding this would help clinicians focus educational efforts to ensure survival and safe return-to-play following EHS.

Objective: We sought to better understand what EHS survivors knew about EHS seriousness (eg, lethality and short- and long-term effects), diagnosis and treatment procedures, and recovery.

Secondary School State Athletic Association Health and Safety Policy Development Processes.

Background: The National Federation of State High School Associations provides recommendations regarding health and safety policies; however, policy development is governed at the state level. Given interstate differences in governance, the primary purpose was to describe processes that State High School Athletic Associations (SHSAAs) utilize to develop a new policy. The secondary objective was to determine what methods associations use to implement new policies.

Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to inform development of a Dissemination and Implementation science training for nutrition practitioners.

Objective: To determine nutrition practitioners' attitudes, behavioural control and normative beliefs to best inform the development and formulation of a nutrition-specific Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) science training.

Design: A cross-sectional survey aimed to assess Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs and intention to use D&I science. A validated TPB questionnaire assessed constructs including perceived behavioural control, subjective, injunctive and descriptive normative beliefs, attitudes and intention to use D&I science.

Exertional Heat Illness: Adoption of Policies and Influencing Contextual Factors as Reported by Athletic Administrators.

Background: Little is known about the adoption by athletic administrators (AAs) of exertional heat illness (EHI) policies, and the corresponding facilitators and barriers of such policies within high school athletics. This study describes the adoption of comprehensive EHI policies by high school AAs and explores factors influencing EHI policy adoption.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that <50% of AAs would report adoption of an EHI policy, and that the most common facilitator would be access to an athletic trainer (AT), whereas the most common barrier would be financial limitations.

Characterizing fluid intake and physical activity in university students within the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: This study determined fluid intake and physical activity behaviors among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: College students (n = 1014; females, 75.6%) completed an online survey during the Spring 2020 academic semester following the initial global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Combining MRI and cognitive evaluation to classify concussion in university athletes.

Current methods of concussion assessment lack the objectivity and reliability to detect neurological injury. This multi-site study uses combinations of neuroimaging (diffusion tensor imaging and resting state functional MRI) and cognitive measures to train algorithms to detect the presence of concussion in university athletes. Athletes (29 concussed, 48 controls) completed symptom reports, brief cognitive evaluation, and MRI within 72 h of injury.

High Schools' Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices for the Management of Exertional Heat Stroke.

Context: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) deaths can be prevented by adhering to best practices.

Objective: To investigate high schools' adoption of policies and procedures for recognizing and treating patients with EHS and the factors influencing the adoption of a comprehensive policy.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

State-Level Implementation of Health and Safety Policies to Prevent Sudden Death and Catastrophic Injuries Within High Schools: An Update.

Background: Mandated sports safety policies that incorporate evidence-based best practices have been shown to mitigate the risk of mortality and morbidity in sports. In 2017, a review of the state-level implementation of health and safety policies within high schools was released.

Purpose: To provide an update on the assessment of the implementation of health and safety policies pertaining to the leading causes of death and catastrophic injuries in sports within high school athletics in the United States.

Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization.

Objective: To provide best-practice recommendations for developing and implementing heat-acclimatization strategies in secondary school athletics.

Data Sources: An extensive literature review on topics related to heat acclimatization and heat acclimation was conducted by a group of content experts. Using the Delphi method, action-oriented recommendations were developed.

Assessing the Validity of Aural Thermometry for Measuring Internal Temperature in Patients With Exertional Heat Stroke.

Context: The use of aural thermometry as a method for accurately measuring internal temperature has been questioned. No researchers have examined whether aural thermometry can accurately measure internal body temperature in patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS).

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of aural thermometry as an alternative to the criterion standard of rectal thermometry in patients with and those without EHS.

Movement Technique and Standing Balance After Graded Exercise-Induced Dehydration.

Context: Hypohydration has been shown to alter neuromuscular function. However, the longevity of these impairments remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the effects of graded exercise-induced dehydration on neuromuscular control 24 hours after exercise-induced hypohydration.

From theory to practice: operationalizing a climate vulnerability for sport organizations framework for heat hazards among US High schools.

Background: Sport organizations must comprehensively assess the degree to which their athletes are susceptible to exertional heat illnesses (i.e. vulnerable) to appropriately plan and adapt for heat-related hazards.

Adoption of Lightning Safety Best-Practices Policies in the Secondary School Setting.

Context: Lightning-related injuries are among the top 10 causes of sport-related death at all levels of sport, including the nearly 8 million athletes participating in US secondary school sports.

Objective: To investigate the adoption of lightning safety policies and the factors that influence the development of comprehensive lightning safety policies in United States secondary schools.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Emergency Medical Service Directors' Protocols for Exertional Heat Stroke.

Emergency Medical Service (EMS) protocols vary widely and may not implement best practices for exertional heat stroke (EHS). EHS is 100% survivable if best practices are implemented within 30 min. The purpose of this study is to compare EMS protocols to best practices for recognizing and treating EHS.

Regional Requirements Influence Adoption of Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies in United States High Schools.

: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) continues to be a prevalent health issue affecting all athletes, including our pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a state policy requirement for EHS prevention and treatment on local high school policy adoption in the United States (US). : Athletic trainers (ATs) from high schools across the US participated in an online survey ( = 365).

Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies: Environmental Monitoring Policies in United States High Schools.

Environmental monitoring allows for an analysis of the ambient conditions affecting a physically active person's ability to thermoregulate and can be used to assess exertional heat illness risk. Using public health models such as the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) can help identify individual's readiness to act to adopt environmental monitoring policies for the safety of high school athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adoption of policies and procedures used for monitoring and modifying activity in the heat in United States (US) high schools.

Perceptions of Secondary School Athletic Trainers in the Diagnosis of Exertional Heat Stroke.

Context: Health care providers, including athletic trainers (ATs), may not be using the best practices for diagnosing exertional heat stroke (EHS), including rectal thermometry. Therefore, patients continue to be susceptible to death from EHS.

Objective: To examine the health belief model and its association with using rectal thermometry as the best practice for diagnosing EHS.

Influence of State-Level Emergency Planning Policy Requirements on Secondary School Adoption.

Context: Emergency action plans (EAPs) are a critical component in the management of catastrophic sport-related injury. Some state high school athletics associations and state legislation have required that schools develop EAPs, but little research exists on the influence of a statewide policy requirement on local adoption of these policies.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of a statewide policy requirement on local adoption of an EAP.

Adoption of Emergency Action Plans in Secondary Schools: A Study of School Nurses' Knowledge and Behavior.

Background: The adoption of an emergency action plan for athletics (AEAP) minimizes the consequences of injuries. School nurses may play an important role in the adoption of an AEAP. The purpose of our study was to describe school nurse's knowledge and perceptions related to AEAP adoption.