Neighbourhood-level socio-demographic characteristics and risk of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Ontario, Canada: A population-based study.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate associations between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with neighbourhood-level immigration, race, housing, and socio-economic characteristics.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study of 28,808 COVID-19 cases in the provincial reportable infectious disease surveillance systems (Public Health Case and Contact Management System) which includes all known COVID-19 infections and deaths from Ontario, Canada reported between January 23, 2020 and July 28, 2020. Residents of congregate settings, Indigenous communities living on reserves or small neighbourhoods with populations <1,000 were excluded.

Early identification of a COVID-19 outbreak detected by wastewater surveillance at a large homeless shelter in Toronto, Ontario.

Setting: Toronto (Ontario, Canada) is a large urban centre with a significant population of underhoused residents and several dozen shelters for this population with known medical and social vulnerabilities. A sizeable men's homeless shelter piloted a facility-level SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance program.

Intervention: Wastewater surveillance was initiated at the shelter in January 2021.