Affective Responses to Increasing- and Decreasing-Intensity Resistance Training Protocols.

This study compared the effects of an increasing-intensity (UP) and a decreasing-intensity (DOWN) resistance training protocol on affective responses across six training sessions. Novice participants (Mage 43.5 ± 13.

Lingering Altitude Effects During Piloting and Navigation in a Synthetic Cockpit.

A study was performed to evaluate a cockpit flight simulation suite for measuring moderate altitude effects in a limited subject group. Objectives were to determine whether the apparatus can detect subtle deterioration, record physiological processes throughout hypobaric exposure, and assess recovery. Eight subjects trained to perform precision instrument control (PICT) flight and unusual attitude recovery (UAR) and completed chamber flights dedicated to the PICT and UAR, respectively.

Optogenetically-induced long term depression in the rat orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates stress-induced reversal learning impairment.

Cognitive flexibility is a higher-order executive function that requires plasticity in neuronal circuits of the prefrontal cortex. Deficits in cognitive flexibility are prominent in a variety of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Chronic stress induces deficits in cognitive flexibility, perhaps through effects on plasticity, but the mechanism is not well understood.

Prefrontal cortex executive processes affected by stress in health and disease.

Prefrontal cortical executive functions comprise a number of cognitive capabilities necessary for goal directed behavior and adaptation to a changing environment. Executive dysfunction that leads to maladaptive behavior and is a symptom of psychiatric pathology can be instigated or exacerbated by stress. In this review we survey research addressing the impact of stress on executive function, with specific focus on working memory, attention, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility.

NR2B Expression in Rat DRG Is Differentially Regulated Following Peripheral Nerve Injuries That Lead to Transient or Sustained Stimuli-Evoked Hypersensitivity.

Following injury, primary sensory neurons undergo changes that drive central sensitization and contribute to the maintenance of persistent hypersensitivity. NR2B expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has not been previously examined in neuropathic pain models. Here, we investigated if changes in NR2B expression within the DRG are associated with hypersensitivities that result from peripheral nerve injuries.

Cognitive deficits triggered by early life stress: The role of histone deacetylase 1.

Studies showed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can reverse cognitive deficits found in neurodegenerative disorders and age-related memory decline. However, the role of HDACs in stress-induced cognitive deficits has not been investigated. In the stress-susceptible mouse strain Balb/c, early life stress triggers a persistent decrease in HDAC expression in the forebrain neocortex, including reduced expression of class I HDACs.