Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a family of drugs, most well known by the third-generation once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, that act on the incretin pathway of metabolic, hormonal signaling to modulate pancreatic insulin release, gastric emptying, energy intake, and subjective feelings of satiety. This class of drugs' efficacy and safety in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been demonstrated across multiple large randomized controlled trials. These data have propelled GLP-1 receptor agonists to ubiquity in diabetic management and weight loss therapy, leading them to be frequently encountered in ophthalmic practice.

Evaluation of gum odina/carbopol composite mucoadhesive hydrogel on pharmaceutical performance: Focusing on potential periodontal treatment.

Antimicrobial buccal hydrogel made of polymers have gained tremendous utilisation in biomedical field. Dual drug loaded, porous materials are important areas of research for medical and pharmaceutical industries. In this regard, a series of hydrogels (F1, F2, F3) were prepared with gum odina and carbopol 940 in aqueous solution with calcium chloride as the cross linker and glycerol as plasticizer by ionotropic gelation method.

Screening of lactic acid bacteria from the milk of Sahiwal cows and characterization of their probiotic potential for preventing bovine mastitis.

Antibiotic therapy has been the most popular line of treatment for the control of mastitis worldwide during the last few decades. Alternative and sustainable treatments must be developed because pathogens are becoming more resistant to antibiotics, leading to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of the current investigation was to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic potential that can inhibit mastitis-causing pathogens to prevent bovine mastitis.

Clinical outcomes of abbreviated high dose-rate brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer: lessons from the COVID pandemic for high dose-rate fractionation.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of cervical cancer patients treated with abbreviated high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) that used 2-implants and delivered 4-5 fractions over 7-12 days rather than 21-28 days.

Materials And Methods: Patients with stage IB2-IVA cervical cancer, treated with external beam radiation (EBRT) ± chemotherapy followed by abbreviated MR/CT-based HDR-BT were included. The planning aim was to achieve > 70Gy equivalent doses in 2Gy (EQD2) at Point A dose in patients undergoing intracavitary BT (ICBT) and > 85Gy EQD2 to the HRCTV in intracavitary-interstitial BT (IC-ISBT).

Targeting erbB Pathways in Breast Cancer: Dual Kinase Inhibition for Brain Metastasis and Prevention of p185HER2/Neu Tumor Development.

Background: Breast cancer predominantly affects women and poses challenges in the treatment of both local and advanced diseases. In a previous study, we reported the effectiveness of ER121, a structurally resolved small compound specifically designed to target human cancers expressing or overexpressing mutant EGFR and HER2.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and toxicity of ER121 in metastatic and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC, HER2+) cells and tumor models.

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Costus speciosus rhizome Bioactive Phytochemicals: A Combined GC-MS and Computational Approach Targeting TLR-4 Signaling.

Background: Plants represent a rich reservoir of bioactive compounds with established therapeutic value in diverse diseases. Notably, the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in inflammation. Upon engagement with pro-inflammatory ligands like lipopolysaccharide, TLR-4 triggers downstream cascades involving nuclear factor ĸappa B and mitogen- activated protein kinases.

Pyrene Based Schiff Base for Cascade Fluorescent "On-Off" Detection of Aluminium(III) and Fluoride Ions and its Applications in Live Cells Imaging.

An easy-to-prepare pyrene-based Schiff base PNZ was synthesized by condensing equimolar amount of 1-pyrenebutyric hydrazide with 2-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde, and employed as a fluorescent chemosensor for in-situ cascade detection of aluminium (Al) and fluoride (F) ions. In DMSO:HO (1 : 1, v/v), the weakly emissive PNZ showed a significant fluorescence enhancement at 455 nm selectively upon the addition of Al due to the complexation-induced formation of a pyrene excimer. Schiff base PNZ and Al formed a complex in 2 : 1 binding ratio with the estimated binding constants of K=9826.

Shear-Induced Cycloreversion Leading to Shear-Thinning and Autonomous Self-Healing in an Injectable, Shape-Holding Collagen Hydrogel.

injectable extracellular matrix (ECM) derived hydrogels that are suitable for cell encapsulation have always been the holy grail in tissue engineering. Nevertheless, these hydrogels still fall short today of meeting three crucial criteria: (a) flexibility on the injectability time window, (b) autonomous self-healing of the injected hydrogel, and (c) shape-retention under aqueous conditions. Here we report the development of a collagen-based injectable hydrogel, cross-linked by cycloaddition reaction between furan and maleimide groups, that (a) is injectable up to 48 h after preparation, (b) can undergo complete autonomous self-healing after injection, (c) can retain its shape and size over several years when stored in the buffer, (d) can be degraded within hours when treated with collagenase, (e) is biocompatible as demonstrated by cell-culture, and (f) is completely resorbable when implanted subcutaneously in rats without causing any inflammation.

A Retrospective CBCT Evaluation of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve's Anterior Loop in Odisha People.

Background: The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve is the portion of the nerve that is located anterior to the mental foramen before it exits the canal.

Objectives: The objective of the research was to assess anterior loop in the Odisha population.

Materials And Methods: For this study, a random selection of 100 CBCT scans representing 200 hemi-mandibles was made.

Evaluation of Implant Stability Quotient of Sandblasted Acid-Etched (SAE) and Chemical-Modified SAE Dental Implants: A Clinical Study.

Objectives: The goal of the current research was to assess the implant stability quotient (ISQ) of dental implants that were chemically changed with SAE and without SAE.

Materials And Methods: Patients in the current study had dental implants fitted with SAE (Group I) and chemically altered SAE (Group II). After implant implantation, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed as soon as possible as well as one, three, six, nine, and twelve weeks later.

Effect of Different Ratios of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gum Odina for the Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Composite Films.

This research investigates the production of biodegradable films using a combination of gum odina (GO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varied ratio. The study focuses on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of PVA-GO composite films, emphasizing how versatile and biodegradable they may be for a range of packaging applications. Solvent-cast PVA-GO films with different ratios are subjected to a methodical analytical process to determine several parameters like mechanical qualities, thermal stability, biodegradability in soil, contact angle, transparency, water vapor permeability, moisture content, thickness, density, water solubility, microstructure, and FTIR analysis.

Synthesis and antiproliferative potency of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one based new binary heterocyclic molecules: cell-based anticancer studies.

Herein, we report the synthesis and anticancer properties of 21 new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl-imino-thiazolidine-4-one containing binary heterocyclic molecules. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized molecules was evaluated on various cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC3, 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and MOC2) and normal human embryonic cell lines (HEK-293) MTT assay. The cytotoxicity data of developed compounds was compared with the reference anticancer molecule BG45, a selective inhibitor of the HDAC3 enzyme.

Lysine-Mediated Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticle-Incorporated Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Tunable Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Antimicrobial Potency for In Vitro Wound-Healing Applications.

The intricate healing mechanism of chronic wounds and their multitude of healing-related obstacles, such as infections, compromised cellular processes, and impediments to the healing process, pose a significant healthcare problem. Exploration of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as yttrium oxide (YO) nanoparticles, can lead to innovative discoveries in the field of chronic wound healing by offering cues that promote cell proliferation in the scaffolds. To achieve this, YO nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated within poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous scaffolds.

Identifying trials run in India that are registered in other clinical trial registries: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Clinical trials play a crucial role in biomedical research, and it is important to register them in public registries to ensure transparency and prevent research waste. In this study, we wished to determine what steps need to be taken to identify every clinical trial run in India that has been registered in any of the (non-Indian) World Health Organization-recognised primary registries. Of the 16 registries, we studied all except that of the European Union, which will be studied separately.

Redox-enabled cooperative catalysis by activating secondary alcohols using low-valent Zn complexes.

Inspired by nature's redox management in bioinorganic systems, we developed various Zn-complexes to catalyze a radical-mediated borrowing hydrogen process for producing β-disubstituted ketones. A diverse range of secondary alcohols, including fatty alcohols, terpenoids and steroid analogs, were successfully utilized for the chemoselective functionalization of ketones. Several organometallic and control studies suggest that coordinatively unsaturated radical species operate as active catalysts to promote alcohol activation and initiate the HAT process.

Successful Hemostasis Using Fully Covered Self-Expanding Metallic Stent for Spontaneous Hemobilia in a Child With Portal Cavernoma Cholangiopathy.

Portal cavernoma cholangiopathy refers to changes in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Spontaneous hemobilia in the setting of portal cavernoma cholangiopathy is extremely rare, and it poses diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge. Here, we report the case of a 10-year-old girl with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, who presented with hemobilia.

In India, most principal investigators have run very few trials over the years.

Background: In the past, clinical trials run in India have been the subject of criticism. Among other steps to improve the trial ecosystem, for some time the government limited the number of trials that a Principal Investigator (PI) could run to three at a time. We were interested to know how many trials PIs in India tend to run at a time.